Background
Welcome to Live Science Plus !
Hi ,

Your membership journey starts here.

Keep exploring and earning more as a member.

MY ACCOUNT

Badge picture
Earn your first badge
Complete 1 quiz to unlock your first badge.
Keep earning badges
Explore ways to get more involved as a member.
Live Science Quizzes

Live Science Quizzes

Quick, fun science challenges.

Play Now
Science Crosswords

Science Crosswords

Short, brain-teasing puzzles.

Play Now

See what you’ve unlocked.

Explore your membership benefits.

Explore
Member Exclusives

Science Newsletters

Select the newsletters you'd like to receive and enter your email below.

View all

Sign Out
Livescience Livescience
Sign in
  • View Profile
  • Sign out
  • Animals
    • Aquatic animals
      • Fish
      • Sharks
      • Mollusks
      • Octopuses
      • Squids
    • Reptiles, amphibians, insects and arachnids
      • Reptiles
      • Snakes
      • Turtles and tortoises
      • Lizards
      • Amphibians
      • Alligators and crocodiles
      • Spiders and other arachnids
      • Insects
    • Mammals
      • Bears
      • Cats
      • Dogs
      • Elephants
      • Primates
      • Dolphins
      • Orcas
      • Whales
    • Birds
    • Extinct species
      • Dinosaurs
      • Mammoths
  • Archaeology
    • Human evolution
      • Neanderthals
    • Regions
      • The Americas
      • Ancient China
      • Middle East
    • Cultures
      • Romans
      • Vikings
      • Ancient Egyptians
  • Health
    • The human body
      • Aging
      • Allergies
      • Anatomy
      • Exercise
      • Food and drink
      • Genetics
      • Heart and circulation
      • Immune system
      • Medicine and drugs
      • Neuroscience
      • Reproductive health
      • Sex
      • Sleep
      • Surgery
    • Viruses, infections and disease
      • Alzheimer's and dementia
      • Bacterial and fungal infections
      • Cancer
      • Coronavirus
      • Flu
      • HIV
    • Human behavior
      • Arts and entertainment
      • Conspiracies and paranormal
      • Education
      • Psychology
    • Mathematics
    • Particle physics
    • Quantum physics
    • Chemistry
  • Planet Earth
    • Earth science
      • Earthquakes
      • Volcanoes
      • Weather
      • Geology
    • Climate change
      • Fossil fuels
      • Nuclear energy
      • Renewable energy
      • Antarctica
      • Arctic
    • Nature
      • Plants
      • Rivers and oceans
      • Evolution
  • Space
    • Astronomy
      • Asteroids
      • Black holes
      • Comets
      • Cosmology
      • Meteoroids
      • Exoplanets
    • The solar system
      • The sun
      • The moon
      • Mercury
      • Venus
      • Mars
      • Jupiter
      • Saturn
      • Uranus
      • Pluto
    • Space exploration
      • Extraterrestrial life
      • Stargazing
      • NASA
      • Space photo of the week
  • Technology
    • Artificial intelligence
    • Communications
    • Computing
    • Mixed reality
    • Quantum computing
    • Electric vehicles
    • Engineering
    • Electronic engineering
    • Robotics
    • Products
      • Health and fitness
      • Optics
      • STEM toys and games
      • Tech and gadgets
    • By type
      • News
      • Features
      • Opinion
      • Interviews
    • More
      • About us
      • Newsletters
      • Follow us
      • Archive
  • Home
  • Animals
    • View Animals
    • Aquatic animals
      • View Aquatic animals
      • Fish
      • Sharks
      • Mollusks
      • Octopuses
      • Squids
      • Reptiles
      • Snakes
      • Turtles and tortoises
      • Lizards
      • Amphibians
      • Alligators and crocodiles
      • Spiders and other arachnids
      • Insects
      • Bears
      • Cats
      • Dogs
      • Elephants
      • Primates
      • Dolphins
      • Orcas
      • Whales
    • Birds
    • Extinct species
      • View Extinct species
      • Dinosaurs
      • Mammoths
  • Archaeology
    • View Archaeology
    • Human evolution
      • View Human evolution
      • Neanderthals
      • The Americas
      • Ancient China
      • Middle East
      • Romans
      • Vikings
      • Ancient Egyptians
  • Health
    • View Health
      • Aging
      • Allergies
      • Anatomy
      • Exercise
      • Food and drink
      • Genetics
      • Heart and circulation
      • Immune system
      • Medicine and drugs
      • Neuroscience
      • Reproductive health
      • Sex
      • Sleep
      • Surgery
      • Alzheimer's and dementia
      • Bacterial and fungal infections
      • Cancer
      • Coronavirus
      • Flu
      • HIV
    • Human behavior
      • View Human behavior
      • Arts and entertainment
      • Conspiracies and paranormal
      • Education
      • Psychology
    • Mathematics
    • Particle physics
    • Quantum physics
    • Chemistry
  • Planet Earth
    • View Planet Earth
      • Earthquakes
      • Volcanoes
      • Weather
      • Geology
    • Climate change
      • View Climate change
      • Fossil fuels
      • Nuclear energy
      • Renewable energy
      • Antarctica
      • Arctic
      • Plants
      • Rivers and oceans
      • Evolution
  • Space
    • View Space
    • Astronomy
      • View Astronomy
      • Asteroids
      • Black holes
      • Comets
      • Cosmology
      • Meteoroids
      • Exoplanets
    • The solar system
      • View The solar system
      • The sun
      • The moon
      • Mercury
      • Venus
      • Mars
      • Jupiter
      • Saturn
      • Uranus
      • Pluto
    • Space exploration
      • View Space exploration
      • Extraterrestrial life
      • Stargazing
      • NASA
      • Space photo of the week
  • Technology
    • View Technology
    • Artificial intelligence
    • Communications
    • Computing
    • Mixed reality
    • Quantum computing
    • Electric vehicles
    • Engineering
    • Electronic engineering
    • Robotics
    • Products
      • View Products
      • Health and fitness
      • Optics
      • STEM toys and games
      • Tech and gadgets
      • News
      • Features
      • Opinion
      • Interviews
      • About us
      • Newsletters
      • Follow us
      • Archive
  • Sign up for our newsletters Newsletter
  • RSS
    Trending
    • Whale graveyard
    • Is all water pee?
    • The return of measles
    • Artemis double auroras

    When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works.

    Opinion archive

    July 2015

    Filter (15 articles)

    Go
    • July 31st
      • As Social Ties Collapse, the Anti-Vaccine Movement Grows
    • July 29th
      • Endangered Penguins Charm, from Tiny to King Size (Photos)
    • July 21st
      • Beautiful Butterfly on Brink of Revival, Despite Century of Threats
    • July 11th
      • Huge Brain Scan Database is Revealing Secrets of the Mind
    • July 10th
      • Dust Clouds the Future of the South Asian Monsoon (Op-Ed)
    • July 8th
      • 'The Library at Mount Char' (US 2015): Book Excerpt
      • Justified Evil: How Wrongdoers Excuse Amoral Acts
    • July 7th
      • The Illusion of Time: What's Real?
      • Heritage Livestock are Vanishing Across the United States (Photos)
      • As Ancient Livestock Disappear, Frozen Embryos Restore Ancient Breeds
    • July 6th
      • Only Climate Action Can Save Polar Bears
    • July 3rd
      • Majestic Vultures, Kings of the Sky (Photos)
      • Climate Change Sparks Turbulence in Aviation Industry (Op-Ed)
    • July 2nd
      • Firework Colors Enhanced by Elements of Life
    • July 1st
      • Awake Again: Is It Insomnia or Just Segmented Sleep? (Op-Ed)
    • 2026
      • January
      • February
      • March
      • April
      • May
      • June
    • 2025
      • January
      • February
      • March
      • April
      • May
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
      • December
    • 2024
      • January
      • February
      • March
      • April
      • May
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
      • December
    • 2023
      • January
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
      • December
    • 2022
      • November
      • December
    • 2021
      • March
      • May
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
    • 2020
      • January
      • February
      • October
      • December
    • 2019
      • January
      • February
      • March
      • April
      • May
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
      • December
    • 2018
      • January
      • February
      • March
      • April
      • May
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
      • December
    • 2017
      • January
      • February
      • March
      • April
      • May
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
      • December
    • 2016
      • January
      • February
      • March
      • April
      • May
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
      • December
    • 2015
      • January
      • February
      • March
      • April
      • May
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
      • December
    • 2014
      • January
      • February
      • March
      • April
      • May
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
      • December
    • 2013
      • March
      • April
      • May
      • June
      • July
      • August
      • September
      • October
      • November
      • December
    • 2012
      • July
      • August
    • 2011
      • October
    • 2010
      • January
      • July
    • 2008
      • September
      • October
    • 2007
      • November
    • 2006
      • November
    Useful links
    Feed your curiosity
    • Life's Little Mysteries
    • Earth from space
    • Diagnostic dilemmas
    • Astonishing artifacts
    Grow your knowledge
    • Jaw-dropping James Webb Space Telescope images
    • Amazing women in science and math
    • Explore the periodic table of elements
    • Uncanny facial reconstructions from history
    Science in your life
    • Science quizzes and games
    • Beginner's guide to wildlife photography
    • The best telescopes for spotting stars and planets
    • Mind-blowing science facts
    Ls Logo

    Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Visit our corporate site.

    Add as a preferred source on Google Add as a preferred source on Google
    • Accessibility Statement
    • Contact Future's experts
    • About Us
    • Terms and conditions
    • Privacy policy
    • Cookies policy
    • Advertise with us
    • Web notifications
    • Careers
    • Editorial standards
    • How to pitch a story to us

    © Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.

    Please login or signup to comment

    Please wait...