Live Science Today: Jaw-dropping first glimpse of sperm whale birth and how NASA is turning astronauts into test subjects

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Splash landing

Researchers have filmed a sperm whale giving birth while being assisted by 10 other females in her social unit. It's the first time an event of this kind has ever been seen in non-primates.

The birth, captured by airborne drones in July 2023, took place over the course of an hour, during which time females surrounded the mother and newborn in a protective circle, taking turns to raise the calf to the surface — giving it time for its flukes to unfurl and acquire its own natural buoyancy control.

Sperm whale social groups are matriarchies, with life-long bonds formed between mothers, daughters, grandmothers and unrelated females. The males, meanwhile, primarily roam the oceans alone, creating one of the most extreme geographical separations between the sexes in nature.

Rare video shows female sperm whales working together during a birth - YouTube

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Under pressure

It's been a busy time for NASA, with the announcement that the agency plans to build a permanent lunar base and construct a nuclear-powered rocket. The plans were revealed just a week before the planned launch of its crewed Artemis II rocket to the moon.

The Artemis program has been touted as a test for critical systems before an eventual attempt to send humans to Mars, but it's also testing something else — the human body.

NASA will rely heavily on astronauts not just as explorers but as experimental subjects, carefully monitoring how radiation, isolation and microgravity affect them both physically and mentally as they venture deeper into space.

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Photo of the day

Counting down

NASA's Artemis II rocket stands poised at Launch Pad 39B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The 322-foot-tall (98 meters) Space Launch System and Orion crew capsule stack is ready to launch the mission's four-astronaut crew on a 10-day flight around the moon and back as soon as April 1.

Say it, said it

Word of the day

Masripithecus — Arabic and Greek, with "Masri" meaning "Egyptian" and "pithecus" meaning "monkey" or "trickster." It is the genus name of a newly identified, 18-million-year-old fossil believed to be the common ancestor of all living apes.

Quote of the day

"From the moment a sperm begins its journey to the moment an embryo starts to develop, gravity appears to play a role we are only starting to uncover. Gravity is not just a backdrop to life, it is deeply embedded in the biological processes that create it."

Nicole McPherson, a researcher who runs the Sperm and Embryo Biology Group at Adelaide University's Robinson Research Institute, on why sperm lose their bearings in space.

Fun and games

The discovery of an ancient ape common ancestor in Egypt could rewrite our prehistory. But what do you know about our human relatives? Take the quiz.

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