Chemistry
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![The hydrogen fuel tank of a Toyota vehicle on display.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/QekSQpHjeCR2zMCJauXeHA-320-80.jpg)
Is hydrogen a metal?
By Hannah Loss published
Hydrogen is not a metal on Earth, but scientists keep trying to create metallic hydrogen under high pressure to unlock a new superconductor.
![A glass of water visualized against a black background.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/mUjA3TFQxkzAvvGbMwqqNa-320-80.jpg)
States of matter: Definition and phases of change
By Mary Bagley last updated
Reference The four fundamental states of matter are solid, liquid, gas and plasma, but there others, such as Bose-Einstein condensates and time crystals, that are man-made.
![The monument for Marie Sklodowska Curie, the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences: the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903 (jointly with her husband), and the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1911.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/MiMMxuTAKW8DSwpxH3pRpX-320-80.jpg)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry: 1901-Present
By Live Science Staff last updated
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry includes famous winners such as Marie Curie and Otto Hahn.
![An artist's illustration of Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus and Alexei Ekimov.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/oKwWACSrz2EJXuBhCUnyRh-320-80.jpg)
Nobel Prize in chemistry awarded to trio who discovered bizarre quantum dots
By Ben Turner published
Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus and Alexei Ekimov will share the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery of strange nanoparticles that change color according to their size.
![One-line drawing of a complex pattern with rectangular and 45° angles as well as multiple line crossings. The inset shows the intended result (Das Haus vom Nikolaus).](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/VY9fznvP8UK84gApYzYRT-320-80.jpg)
For 1st time, scientists write words in liquid water
By Victoria Atkinson published
Scientists used a process called 'diffusioosmosis' to write words that lingered in liquid water.
![An old kettle boils on a small bonfire at the beach with a picnic basket in the background.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/rEE58KMGAXktcmYymm7NDj-320-80.jpg)
What's the highest temperature water can freeze, and the lowest it can boil on Earth?
By Cameron Duke published
Ice can form on Earth at temperatures above 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius), and water can boil below 212 F (100 C). Here's how.
![The rose window in the narthex, Strasbourg Cathedral, Strasbourg, Alsace, France.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/actCp4V3tN6ZjtTfcWuifj-320-80.jpg)
Is glass a liquid or a solid?
By Victoria Atkinson published
Glass has unique properties, but is it a solid or a liquid, or does it fall into its own scientific category?
![A microscopic scale image of photonic crystals on the surface of ancient Roman glass](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/B4MMbFxxhSvZ76ZsDdzzBK-320-80.jpg)
Roman glass keeps turning into photonic crystals. Scientists finally know why
By Ben Turner published
Analysis of the microscopic structure of an ancient shard of Roman glass has revealed how photonic crystals form, and might enable them to be grown.
![A man holding the coffee filter full of spent coffee grounds. Coffee grounds can be recycled. The spent coffee grounds can be used to produce useful things.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/QbsPggAjeJaK3AYTGZJ4a8-320-80.jpg)
Used coffee grounds make concrete 30% stronger
By Victoria Atkinson published
Used coffee grounds that are heat treated increase the compression strength of concrete.
![A still of a slowed-down chemical reaction taken with a quantum computer](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/EDsnFXXAYgTnFvPkwCYQkU-320-80.jpeg)
Scientists manipulate quantum mechanics to slow down a chemical reaction by 100 billion times
By Stephanie Pappas published
Using a quantum device, researchers have observed, for the first time, a molecular process called conical intersection that is important in reactions such as photosynthesis.
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