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New Drug May Help People with Alcohol Addiction Reduce Drinking
A new drug may benefit people with alcohol addiction, particularly those who are experiencing high levels of stress, a new study suggests.
The new study involved 144 people with alcohol use disorder, which is defined as drinking that causes them harm or distress, including problems at work and with relationships. At the start of the study, participants were consuming 10 alcohol drinks a day, on average.
The researchers randomly assigned participants to take either the new drug, called ABT-436, or a placebo (a "dummy pill") every day for 12 weeks. The study was double blinded, meaning that neither the participants nor the researchers knew which people had received the drug, and which had received the placebo.
Participants who took the drug ended up having more alcohol-free days during the 12-week study, compared with those in the placebo group. On average, participants in the drug group were able to abstain from alcohol for 51 days over the course of the study, while people in the placebo group were able to abstain for 42 days. [7 Ways Alcohol Affects Your Health]
The participants in the drug group also had fewer "heavy drinking" days (days in which they consumed more than 4 to 5 alcoholic drinks), compared with those in the placebo group. Participants in the drug group had 31 heavy drinking days during the course of the study, on average, and those in the placebo group had 38 heavy drinking days on average. However, this finding was not statistically significant, meaning it did not meet the researchers' criteria for a meaningful difference between the groups, and it could have been due chance. This means the researchers are less certain that the drug works to reduce the number of days on which people drink heavily.
But in participants who reported high levels of stress, the drug seemed to work better. Those who scored high on a test aimed at measuring their anxiety and tension reported 27 heavy drinking days, on average, if they were in the drug group, compared to 46 heavy drinking days if they were in the placebo group.
ABT-436 works by blocking the effects of a brain chemical called vasopressin, which is thought to play a role in regulating stress, anxiety and addictive behaviors, the researchers said.
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It's thought that vasopressin may increase feelings of stress during alcohol withdrawal, which promotes more drinking. So blocking vassopressin with ABT-436 may lessen this stress effect, the researchers said. If that's the case, it makes sense that people with higher levels of stress could benefit the most from taking the drug, as seen in this study, the researchers said.
“Our findings suggest that potential future studies with drugs targeting vasopressin blockade should focus on populations of people with [alcohol use disorder] who also report high levels of stress,” study co-author Megan Ryan, a clinical project manager at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), said in a statement. NIAAA funded the study.
Side effects of ABT-436 included diarrhea and nausea, although most people who took the drug said that their side effects were mild. However, four people in the study stopped taking the drug because of diarrhea or nausea.
Although there are already four medications to treat alcohol use disorder that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration, these drugs are not effective for all patients, the researchers said. And so "continued research is needed to develop additional medications that are effective and safe for a diverse [alcohol use disorder] population," providing more options for doctors and their patients, the researchers wrote in the Sept. 23 issue of the journal Neuropsychopharmacology.
ABT-436 is an experimental drug manufactured by the pharmaceutical company AbbVie, Inc., which provided the drug for the study.
Original article on Live Science.
Rachael is a Live Science contributor, and was a former channel editor and senior writer for Live Science between 2010 and 2022. She has a master's degree in journalism from New York University's Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program. She also holds a B.S. in molecular biology and an M.S. in biology from the University of California, San Diego. Her work has appeared in Scienceline, The Washington Post and Scientific American.