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Mary W. Jackson overcame the barriers of segregation and gender bias to become the first African American female engineer to work at NASA. She later led the efforts to ensure equal opportunities for future generations. The Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington, D.C. has been named in her honor.
NASA is recognizing one of its "hidden figures" by naming its main office after the first African American female engineer to work at the space agency.
The Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington, D.C. honors the late Jackson, who became an engineer in 1958, the same year that NASA was founded. Largely unknown to the general public during her lifetime, Jackson's story was part of the focus of the 2016 feature film "Hidden Figures," with Janelle Monáe portraying the trailblazing engineer.
"Today, we proudly announce the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building," NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said in a statement on Wednesday (June 24). "Mary W. Jackson was part of a group of very important women who helped NASA succeed in getting American astronauts into space."
"She helped break barriers and open opportunities for African Americans and women in the field of engineering and technology," said Bridenstine, whose office is on the ninth floor of the newly-named building.
The Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building is located along Hidden Figures Way in Washington, D.C.
(Image credit: NASA)
Jackson, who was born and raised in Hampton, Virginia, graduated from Hampton Institute in 1942 with a dual degree in math and physical sciences. Initially taking a job as a math teacher, she worked as a bookkeeper, married and started a family, and served as a secretary for the Army before beginning her career at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory (today, Langley Research Center) in 1951.
Recruited by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), Jackson worked as a "human computer" in the segregated West Area Computing Unit at Langley. After two years supporting the center's aeronautics work as a research mathematician, Jackson went to work in the 4-foot by 4-foot Supersonic Pressure Tunnel, a 60,000 horsepower wind tunnel capable of blasting models with winds approaching twice the speed of sound.
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There, based on the experience she gained conducting experiments, Jackson's supervisor suggested she enter a training program that would allow her to earn a promotion from mathematician to engineer. Because the classes were held at a then-segregated high school, Jackson needed special permission to join her white peers in the classroom.
Jackson earned the promotion and became NASA's first Black woman to serve the agency as an engineer. For nearly two decades, Jackson authored or co-wrote numerous research reports mostly focused on the behavior of the boundary layer of air around airplanes. In 1979, she joined Langley's Federal Women's Program, where she became a respected advocate for the hiring and promotion of the next generation of female mathematicians, engineers and scientists before retiring from Langley in 1985.
Jackson died on Feb. 11, 2005, at the age of 83. In 2019, Jackson, together with her fellow "hidden figures" Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan and Christine Darden, were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, one of the highest civilian awards in the United States.
Mary W. Jackson at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, where she began work in 1951 and became the agency's first African American female engineer in 1958.
(Image credit: NASA)
"We are honored that NASA continues to celebrate the legacy of our mother and grandmother," Carolyn Lewis, Jackson's daughter, said on behalf of her family. "She was a scientist, humanitarian, wife, mother and trailblazer who paved the way for thousands of others to succeed, not only at NASA, but throughout this nation."
Previously known simply as NASA Headquarters, or Two Independence Square, the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building has served as the space agency's Washington, D.C. base of operations since 1992. In 2019, the portion of E Street SW in front of the building was named "Hidden Figures Way," in part as another honor for Jackson.
"[The building] appropriately sits on 'Hidden Figures Way,' a reminder that Mary is one of many incredible and talented professionals in NASA's history who contributed to this agency's success," said Bridenstine. "Hidden no more, we will continue to recognize the contributions of women, African Americans and people of all backgrounds who have helped construct NASA's history to explore."
Prior to its current location, NASA Headquarters was located in Federal Building 6 (400 Maryland Avenue, SW) from 1961 to 1963 and in Federal Building 10-B (600 Independence Avenue, SW) and the Reporters Building (300 7th St., SW) from 1963 to 1992.
NASA's first headquarters, established in 1958, was the Dolley Madison House, named for the nation's fourth First Lady, who lived there from November 1837 until her death in July 1849. Also known as the "Little White House," the building is now part of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
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