Magma Plume Discovered Under Southern Africa

A blob of the Earth's gooey insides linked to volcanic eruptions has been detected below southern Africa.

The newly discovered blob is known to geologists as a mid-mantle plume. Mantle plumes are columns of hot, gushy gunk that flow toward the Earth's surface and are a known contributor to volcanic activity. Until now, the mid-section of a mantle plume has never been imaged.

Mid-mantle plumes are hotter and move faster — roughly 4 inches (10 centimeters) per year — than the scorching, molten rock deeper inside the Earth, which is called the Earth's mantle. The mantle buoys the sprawling rocky plates that make up the Earth's crust. When these plates collide with each other, volcanoes and mountain ranges are born. The process spans millions of years, however, since an average plate moves between 0.4 and 4 inches (1 to 10 cm) per year.

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Mantle plumes form a heat pipeline from the Earth's core to the upper region of the mantle. Plumes don't directly cause volcanoes on the Earth's continents, but they are one ingredient in a volcanic eruption, said study team member Don Helmberger of Caltech. There is some evidence that mantle plumes can trigger volcanic eruptions in oceanic places such as Iceland and Hawaii, Helmberger told OurAmazingPlanet.

Brett Israel was a staff writer for Live Science with a focus on environmental issues. He holds a bachelor’s degree in biochemistry and molecular biology from The University of Georgia, a master’s degree in journalism from New York University, and has studied doctorate-level biochemistry at Emory University.