Sign in

View Profile
Sign out

Animals
- Aquatic animals
  - Fish
  - Sharks
  - Mollusks
  - Octopuses
  - Squids
- Reptiles, amphibians, insects and arachnids
- Mammals
  - Bears
  - Cats
  - Dogs
  - Elephants
  - Primates
  - Dolphins
  - Orcas
  - Whales
- Birds
- Extinct species
  - Dinosaurs
  - Mammoths
Archaeology
- Human evolution
  - Neanderthals
- Regions
- Cultures
Health
- The human body
- Viruses, infections and disease
- Human behavior
Planet Earth
- Earth science
  - Earthquakes
  - Volcanoes
  - Weather
  - Geology
- Climate change
- Nature
Space
- Astronomy
  - Asteroids
  - Black holes
  - Comets
  - Cosmology
  - Meteoroids
  - Exoplanets
- The solar system
  - The sun
  - The moon
  - Mercury
  - Venus
  - Mars
  - Jupiter
  - Saturn
  - Uranus
  - Pluto
- Space exploration
Technology
- Products
- By type
  - News
  - Features
  - Opinion
  - Interviews
- More

home
Animals
- View Animals
- Aquatic animals
  - View Aquatic animals
  - Fish
  - Sharks
  - Mollusks
  - Octopuses
  - Squids
- - Bears
  - Cats
  - Dogs
  - Elephants
  - Primates
  - Dolphins
  - Orcas
  - Whales
- Birds
- Extinct species
Archaeology
Health
Planet Earth
Space
- View Space
- Astronomy
- The solar system
  - View The solar system
  - The sun
  - The moon
  - Mercury
  - Venus
  - Mars
  - Jupiter
  - Saturn
  - Uranus
  - Pluto
- Space exploration
Technology
- Products
- - News
  - Features
  - Opinion
  - Interviews

Sign up for our newsletters Newsletter

Trending

Ebola outbreak
James Webb finds megastructures
Why kids eat their boogers
What counts as 'close contact'?

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works.

James Cook

University of Reading

wasps, figs, nature

Why Wasps Massacre Each Other ... Over Figs

Opinion Trade-offs between optimising current and future reproduction are also common.

Useful links

Feed your curiosity

Life's Little Mysteries
Earth from space
Diagnostic dilemmas
Astonishing artifacts

Grow your knowledge

Jaw-dropping James Webb Space Telescope images
Amazing women in science and math
Explore the periodic table of elements
Uncanny facial reconstructions from history

Science in your life

Science quizzes and games
Beginner's guide to wildlife photography
The best telescopes for spotting stars and planets
Mind-blowing science facts

Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Visit our corporate site.

Add as a preferred source on Google

Accessibility Statement
Contact Future's experts
About Us
Terms and conditions
Privacy policy
Cookies policy
Advertise with us
Web notifications
Careers
Editorial standards
How to pitch a story to us

© Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.

Please login or signup to comment

Please wait...