Pocket-Size Drone Can Fold Up Like Origami

A compact, foldable drone inspired by origami can unfold itself automatically and take flight within a fraction of a second.

Hordes of these quadcopters, which are about the size of an outstretched palm, could be released over a disaster zone to take photographs and make contact with survivors, researchers say.

This drone not only fits inside your pocket, it can also self-deploy in half a second, said Dr. Stefano Mintchev, a professor of bio-inspired robotics at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, in Switzerland. "You can take it out of the box, switch on the motor, and it's ready to fly," Floreano told Live Science. [See video of foldable drone in action]

When the device is not in use, the arms — which are made of Fiberglass and light yet rigid polyester — fold up into a trapezoid. When switched on, the force of the propellers causes the arms to unfold horizontally. Then, magnets keep the arms locked into position.

In order for the drone to remain stable during flight, two of the propellers (diagonally across from each other) need to spin in the opposite direction from the other two, the researchers said. The propellers all spin the same direction while the drone unfolds, but a sensor detects when the arms have locked into position, and within 50 milliseconds, the direction of two of the rotors is reversed, so the drone is ready to take off.

The drone only weighs about 1.3 ounces (36 grams). When folded, it fits in a box about 6.3 by 6.3 by 1.4 inches (160 by 160 by 35 millimeters). Unfolded, it takes up a region of about 2.3 by 2.3 by 1.4 inches (58 by 58 by 35 mm), Mintchev said.

The unfolded drone. (Image credit: Alain Herzog, EPFL)

The design is simple, but reliable, the researchers said. The stiffness of the arms ensures that they won't bend or vibrate during flight, which could make the drone unstable or less responsive to control, and their horizontal movement avoids any imbalances due to gravity. The arms' Fiberglass and polyester material keeps the device lightweight.

This version of the drone must still be folded by hand, but it takes less than 10 seconds for someone with practice, the researchers said. The team is now planning to create a version that folds up automatically.

In addition, future designs will be lighter, which will allow for larger models, and the arms will be strong enough to survive crashes. The same origami principles could be generalized to any type of flying vehicle with wings or with protective cages, the researchers said.

The prototype has been patented, and will be demonstrated May 25 at a robotics conference in Seattle.

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Tanya was a staff writer for Live Science from 2013 to 2015, covering a wide array of topics, ranging from neuroscience to robotics to strange/cute animals. She received a graduate certificate in science communication from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and a bachelor of science in biomedical engineering from Brown University. She has previously written for Science News, Wired, The Santa Cruz Sentinel, the radio show Big Picture Science and other places. Tanya has lived on a tropical island, witnessed volcanic eruptions and flown in zero gravity (without losing her lunch!). To find out what her latest project is, you can visit her website.