Countdown: 2013's Wildest Weather

The Year of Extremes

haiyan trees in houses

Tress were uprooted by the storm and then crashed into people's houses, ECHO reported. (Image credit: Arlynn Aquino EU/ECHO, Leyte, Philippiones, November 2013)

This year was one of the warmest on record. The extra heat helped fuel devastating weather worldwide, such as raging wildfires and widespread droughts. Typhoons and tornadoes took a terrible toll in 2013, despite a dearth of tropical storms and twisters in many parts of the world. Here, LiveScience counts down seven extremes from 2013's wildest weather, in roughly chronological order.

Europe floods

wild weather of 2013, fooding, floods, Linz, Austria

(Image credit: Lisa S. | Shutterstock)

Heavy rains in May and early June flooded parts of central Europe. It was the most extensive flooding along the Danube and Elbe rivers since 1950, according to the World Meteorological Organization.

Tornado tranquility

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The second tornado season kicked off in Oklahoma this week. (Image credit: Basehunters/Tornadovideosdotnet/YouTube.)

This was the second year in a row of below-average tornado activity in the United States. As of the most recent December statistics, there were 928 preliminary tornado reports for the year, according to the National Weather Service's Storm Prediction Center. Since 1993, the United States has averaged more than 1,250 twisters each year, according to NWS record keeping. The two biggest months for tornadoes in 2013 were May and November — both traditionally known for spikes in activity. During these seasonal transition months, cold and warm air crashes together above the central United States, creating thunderstorms and the ideal conditions for tornadoes.

Oklahoma tornadoes

Moore, Oklahoma tornado damage

An updated map of the Moore, Okla., tornado on May 20, 2013, with estimated damage. (Image credit: National Weather Service)

Though 2013 was a slow year overall for tornadoes, two monster twisters swept through Oklahoma in May. First, an EF-5 (the strongest rating on the Enhanced Fujita rating scale) carved through Moore, Okla., near Oklahoma City, killing more than 50 people, including several children in a badly hit school. Peak wind speeds topped 210 mph (340 km/h), making this the strongest tornado on record.

Just days later, another powerful tornado devastated the Oklahoma City suburb of El Reno. The twister was also rated as an EF-5 with winds topping 200 mph. Another record-breaker, National Weather Service storm surveyors said the tornado carved a path 2.6 miles wide (4 km), making it the widest tornado in history.

Australian heat wave and wildfires

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An out-of-control wildfire torches an area near Sydney, Australia. (Image credit: YouTube screengrab from ITN)

Australia kicked off the New Year with a horrible heat wave. January 2013 was the hottest month on record across the continent, with temperatures regularly hitting 118 degrees Fahrenheit (48 degrees Celsius). Warmer-than-average temperatures continued through the year, and by October, forests in the state of New South Wales were tinder dry. Massive bushfires flared in October, driven by strong winds. Two people were killed and almost 250 buildings were destroyed during the month-long series of blazes.

Slow hurricane season

Tropical Storm Dorian satellite image

This night-time, infrared image of Tropical Storm Dorian was taken from the VIIRS instrument aboard the Suomi-NPP satellite on July 25, 2013. The red and purple colors represent the storm's coldest cloud tops, or it's highest thunderstorms, which were also its strongest. (Image credit: UWI-Madison/NASA-NOAA)

After 2012's battering by Hurricane Sandy, the slow hurricane season of 2013 came as a relief for residents of the Atlantic coast states. Only 13 named tropical storms formed in the Atlantic Ocean this year, and just two grew into hurricanes, according to the National Weather Service. Though conditions, such as warm ocean temperatures, appeared ripe for a strong hurricane season early in 2013, dry air and strong wind shear in the Atlantic kept storms from reaching hurricane strength.

Super Typhoons

haiyan trees in houses

Tress were uprooted by the storm and then crashed into people's houses, ECHO reported. (Image credit: Arlynn Aquino EU/ECHO, Leyte, Philippiones, November 2013)

Though the atmosphere above the Atlantic Ocean bashed apart budding hurricanes, it was a different story in the Pacific basin. By early November, 30 major tropical storms had appeared, fueled by warm sea surface temperatures and favorable winds. Three typhoons each caused more than $1 billion in pesos in damages in the Philippines in 2013.

One of these storms was Super Typhoon Haiyan, which killed more than 6,000 people in the southern Philippines and may have been the most powerful cyclone to make landfall in recorded history. Nearly 4 million people lost their homes or were temporarily displaced, according to Philippine government officials.

Colorado flooding

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Another aerial photo taken over Longmont, Colo., which shows the area between 9th and Mt. View. (Image credit: Payton H. Peterson.)

Massive floods and landslides triggered by heavy September rains destroyed thousands of homes and buildings in 2013's Colorado floods. Eight people died in the raging streams and rivers. Boulder saw more than 7 inches (18 centimeters) of rain in one day. Foothill towns such as Lyons, Colo., were cut off from the outside world as roads snaking through canyons were completely washed away.

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Becky Oskin
Contributing Writer
Becky Oskin covers Earth science, climate change and space, as well as general science topics. Becky was a science reporter at Live Science and The Pasadena Star-News; she has freelanced for New Scientist and the American Institute of Physics. She earned a master's degree in geology from Caltech, a bachelor's degree from Washington State University, and a graduate certificate in science writing from the University of California, Santa Cruz.