Animals

New Fat Rat Found in Cloud Forest

By Jeanna Bryner, LiveScience Staff Writer

posted: 24 January 2007 03:02 pm ET

: Illustration of the newly discovered rodent species, in its cloud forest habitat. Credit: Nancy Halliday/The Field Museum
: This map shows where the new rodent species was discovered and also the locations of five other species in the spiny-rat genus. Dark areas show moist broadleaf forests; pale areas are dry broadleaf forests, and stippled areas low-lying grasslands.

If you think rats only dwell in the abysses of smelly subway stations and trashcans, think again. Scientists have spotted a squirrel-sized rodent in the lofty cloud forests of Peru.

The pudgy small mammal is a brand-new species [image]. Observations and preliminary genetic analyses suggest that the rodent's nearest relatives are a group called spiny rats, which are restricted to lowlands. The new rodent's discoverers say this suggests that spiny rats evolved from this Andean species.

The nocturnal, climbing rodent (Isothrix barbarabrownae) has a broad blocky head, bushy tail and a coat of dense, soft fur that is decorated by a black crest on its crown, nape and shoulders.

"Nothing known from those forests bears any resemblance to this thing," said lead scientist Bruce Patterson of the Field Museum in Chicago. "In appearance, it's like a chunky squirrel."

Slick find

Equipped with a headlamp, Patterson spotted the rodent several years ago at about midnight during a survey in Peru's Manu National Park and Biosphere Reserve Mountains, along the eastern slope of the Andes [map].

"[The rodent] was just cooking along the trail, and actually I heard it slip down a moss-encrusted wall. That's when I became aware of it," Patterson told LiveScience.

Along the rat trail at an altitude of 6,200 feet, Patterson snagged the animal, which is now a dead specimen back at his laboratory at the museum.

Mystery fur

The discovery helps to solve a riddle among ecologists: Why would some spiny rats, called bush-tailed tree rats, that reside in the warm, humid lowlands of the Amazon wear such thick coats of fur?

"There's a family called the spiny rats, and it includes [rats] that are so spiny they are like porcupines as well as a few soft-haired members," Patterson said. "Now the soft-haired members had never really made sense--why there would be both spiny and soft-haired members in the lowland forest--until now."

A furry coat makes sense for organisms that live in the cool, damp cloud forests. Patterson suggests the spiny rats first lived in the chilly mountains before they radiated into the lowlands. Some of the rats have not evolved yet to shed their fur for a more weather-appropriate cover.

Most scientists have assumed that since the Andes is such a relatively young mountain chain, its inhabitants must have moved up from lowland areas. Patterson's team will continue to run genetic tests on the specimen in an effort to determine which came first--the mountain rats or the warm-weather ones.

The research is detailed in the current issue of the journal Neotropical Mammalogy.