Autumn equinox 2025: When does fall begin, and what is an equinox?
Equinoxes occur twice a year, with night and day being almost the exact same length all across the world. The next equinox is the September fall equinox, beginning on Sept. 22, 2025 in North America.
For the second time in 2025, an incredible astronomical event is about to change the seasons on Earth.
The September equinox is almost upon us, with autumn about to begin in the Northern Hemisphere, and spring about to commence in the Southern Hemisphere.
Equinoxes occur twice a year, with daylight and darkness being about the same length in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. This phenomenon's name comes from the Latin words "aequus" (equal) and "nox" (night).
In 2025, the autumn, or fall, equinox occurs at 2:19 p.m. EDT (18:19 UTC)on September 22 in the Northern Hemisphere. Because equinoxes are global events governed by Earth's tilt relative to the sun, the September equinox occurs at the same moment all over the world.
Spring will return to the Northern Hemisphere with the spring, or vernal, equinox on March 20, 2026.
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What causes an equinox?
A diagram showing the seasons: Autumnal and Vernal Equinoxes, Winter and Summer Solstices as the Earth orbits the sun.
(Image credit: TarikVision via Getty Images)
The Earth orbits the sun, at a tilt of about 23.5 degrees. This means that different parts of our planet receive more or less of the sun's radiation at various times of the year, depending on our planet's position in its orbit.
For all countries around the globe, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. However, the sun also appears to move north for half of the year and south for the other half, depending where you are. Around July, the Northern Hemisphere experiences longer periods of daylight while the Southern Hemisphere sees shorter periods of daylight. And, around December, the opposite is true, with more daylight hours in the Southern Hemisphere and fewer in the Northern Hemisphere.
But twice a year — in March and September — our planet's tilt aligns with its orbit around the sun, and Earth does not appear to tilt with respect to the sun, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association.
At this time of year, the sun sits directly above the equator and both hemispheres get the same hours of daylight and night. At these times, the line that divides night and day, called the terminator, "grey line" or "twilight zone," bisects the Earth and runs through the North and South poles.
However, day and night are still not exactly equal during an equinox, according to EarthSky, although it is very close.
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During an equinox, Earth gets a few more minutes of light than darkness. This is because sunrise occurs when the tip of the sun edges over the horizon, and sunset is defined as the moment when the other edge of the sun disappears under the skyline. And because the sun is a disk rather than a point-source of light, Earth sees just a few more minutes of extra light (rather than darkness) during an equinox. Also, the atmosphere refracts the sun's light and it continues to travel to "nighttime" Earth for a short period, even after the sun has dipped below the horizon.
"On the equinox and for several days before and after the equinox, the length of day will range from about 12 hours and 6 and one-half minutes at the equator, to 12 hours and 8 minutes at 30 degrees latitude, to 12 hours and 16 minutes at 60 degrees latitude," according to the U.S. National Weather Service.
Equilux ("equal light"), on the other hand, is the term for when day and night are exactly equal. And, because of how sunrise and sunset are defined, the equilux occurs a few days before the spring equinox and a few days after the autumn equinox, according to the U.K.'s Met Office.
When do the equinoxes happen?
Equinoxes don't necessarily occur on exactly the same day each year. They happen around or on March 20 and Sept. 23.
These shifting dates are because an Earth year is not exactly 365 days: There is an extra quarter of a day (6 hours) that accumulates each year, causing the date of the equinox to shift. The planet's orientation toward the sun is also constantly shifting, tweaking the timing of the equinox.
The equinoxes mark the astronomical beginning of spring or autumn, depending on the hemisphere. However, the meteorological beginning of these seasons is March 1 and Sept. 1.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the March equinox heralds the beginning of spring, and is referred to as the spring or vernal equinox (vernal comes from the Latin term "ver" for spring). At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere shifts into autumn. The converse is true in September, when the northern half of the planet descends into the colder months of autumn and the southern half enters spring.
Earth is not alone in experiencing equinoxes. In fact, every planet in the solar system has them when the planet's orbit and tilt with respect to the sun result in both hemispheres receiving roughly equal amounts of light.
The sun set over the right shoulder of the Sphinx during the spring equinox in 2020.
People have been tracking the sun's movements for thousands of years, often incorporating equinoxes into cultural and religious traditions. For many ancient civilizations these solar changes not only dictated the beginning of seasons but also when to plant and harvest crops. In Japan, both equinoxes are public holidays traditionally recognized as a day to remember and worship ancestors and loved ones that have died, according to the Coto Japanese Academy.
There are also many ancient monuments that mark the equinoxes. For example, during an equinox at the Hindu temple complex Angkor Wat in Cambodia, the sun rises directly above its central temple. The complex, built between A.D. 1113 and 1150, is the largest religious monument in the world. In 1976, scientists published an account of the astronomical link between its architecture and celestial events in the journal Science.
Every spring equinox, the shadow of the feathered serpent god of the Maya, "crawls down" the pyramid El Castillo.
(Image credit: BornaMir via Getty Images)
Additionally, the Maya temple at Chichén Itzá in Mexico, known as the Temple of Kukulcan (or El Castillo), is dedicated to a serpent god. During the equinox, a trick of the light makes it appear as though a serpent is descending down the temple's side, traveling into the underworld. According to research published in the Journal of Archaeological Science in 2018, the temple was built between the eighth and 12th centuries.
Sarah Wild is a British-South African freelance science journalist. She has written about particle physics, cosmology and everything in between. She studied physics, electronics and English literature at Rhodes University, South Africa, and later read for an MSc Medicine in bioethics.
Since she started perpetrating journalism for a living, she's written books, won awards, and run national science desks. Her work has appeared in Nature, Science, Scientific American, and The Observer, among others. In 2017 she won a gold AAAS Kavli for her reporting on forensics in South Africa.
