Lumpy tumor shown on facial reconstruction of Neanderthal who lived on 'drowned land'
The Neanderthal lived up to 70,000 years ago.
A 3D facial reconstruction of the Neanderthal, dubbed Krijn, who had a tumor above his right eyebrow.
You can now gaze into the crinkly eyes of "Krijn," a young Neanderthal man who had a tumor growing on his skull when he died up to 70,000 years ago.
In 2001, an amateur paleontologist found a piece of Krijn's skull while sifting through sediments collected from the bottom of the North Sea, off the coast of the Netherlands. Now, paleo-anthropological artists have used that hunk of skull to create a lifelike bust of Krijn, including the bulge above his right eyebrow where the tumor sat.
"Luckily, it's a very distinctive piece," Adrue Kennis, a paleo-anthropological artist with Kennis & Kennis Reconstructions, said of the skull specimen in a translated video created by the National Museum of Antiquities (RMO) in the Netherlands, which is showing Krijn's bust in a new exhibit.
Related: Photos: See the ancient faces of a man-bun wearing bloke and a Neanderthal woman
When Krijn was alive, between 70,000 and 50,000 years ago, he lived in Doggerland, a vast swath of land between the United Kingdom and continental Europe, which is now submerged beneath the North Sea. A 2009 study in the Journal of Human Evolution revealed a few details about Krijn: The young man was highly carnivorous, but his body didn't show any evidence of seafood in his diet, according to an analysis of the isotopes, or element variants, of carbon and nitrogen found in his skull. Moreover, a lesion above Krijn's eyebrow indicated that he had a tumor known as an intradiploic epidermoid cyst.
These cysts are uncommon, slow-growing lesions that are usually benign, especially when they're small, as Krijn's is, the 2009 study found. The conduction is associated with a slew of symptoms. It's possible that Krijn experienced pain and swelling, headaches, dizziness, convulsions, visual problems or seizures, or maybe he was lucky and didn't have any symptoms, the authors of the 2009 study wrote. That was the first time such a tumor had been documented in Neanderthal remains, they noted.
Despite Krijn's diagnosis, his new bust depicts him with an infectiously happy smile. The Kennis brothers recreated the Neanderthal's features by relying not only on the skull specimen but also other Neanderthal skulls, as well as previous data on Neanderthal eye, hair and skin color. The new bust is the latest from their studio, which includes other early human recreations, including one of Ötzi the Iceman mummy, who lived about 5,300 years ago in the Alps.
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Krijn may be smiling for another reason; he's the first fossil hominin dating to the Pleistocene epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) found under seawater and the first recorded Neanderthal in the Netherlands, according to the 2009 study.
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A menagerie of animals, including mammoths, lions, woolly rhinoceroses, reindeer and horses used to live on the Doggerland steppe, but it was very cold, meaning that Krijn likely had a challenging life, according to an RMO statement. In addition to Krijn's remains, scientists sifting through the North Sea sediments found several middle Paleolithic artifacts, including small hand axes and pointed stones known as Levallois flakes.
The RMO exhibit "Doggerland: Lost World in the North Sea," which includes Krijn's bust, is open to the public through Oct. 31.
Originally published on Live Science.
Laura is the managing editor at Live Science. She also runs the archaeology section and the Life's Little Mysteries series. Her work has appeared in The New York Times, Scholastic, Popular Science and Spectrum, a site on autism research. She has won multiple awards from the Society of Professional Journalists and the Washington Newspaper Publishers Association for her reporting at a weekly newspaper near Seattle. Laura holds a bachelor's degree in English literature and psychology from Washington University in St. Louis and a master's degree in science writing from NYU.