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Arthritis is far from just a modern malady, said scientists who discovered the condition in the elbow of a 70-million-year-old duck-billed dinosaur.
The finding is the oldest recorded case of septic arthritis — a condition in which a joint becomes inflamed, often from bacteria or fungus — the researchers said.
"Our [duck-billed dinosaur] seems to have been afflicted with septic arthritis, which completely destroyed the elbow joint," said study lead researcher Jennifer Anné, a recent doctoral graduate from the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Manchester in England. "There are signs of both bone destruction and excess bone growth that resulted in [a] possible fusion of the elbow. [Photos: Duck-Billed Dinosaurs Found in Alaska]
David Paris, a curator at the New Jersey State Museum, found the fossilized specimen in New Jersey a number of years ago, but he didn't have the tools needed to sufficiently study the fossil because it was fragile and full of pyrite (fool's gold), Anné said.
The spot in New Jersey where researchers excavated the dinosaur.
(Image credit: Anné, J. et al.)
However, once Anné and her colleagues got access to a micro computed tomography (micro-CT) scanner, they decided to move forward and study the fossil. A micro-CT scanner uses X-rays that are more powerful than those used in CT scanners found in hospitals, providing higher-resolution images, Anné said.
"The X-rays are much more powerful, so they can punch through the dense fossil," she told Live Science in an email. "Medical CTs don't want to be that powerful, or they would cause damage to the patient. [But] fortunately, our patient [was] already dead."
The detailed micro-CT images helped the researchers diagnose the duck-billed dinosaur (or hadrosaur) with a bad case of septic arthritis. The condition likely gave the dinosaur a limp, and could have "possibly been severe enough for the animal to not use that arm at all," Anné said.
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The hadrosaur was hardly alone in its misery. Septic arthritis also affects humans, as well as the living relatives of dinosaurs: crocodiles and birds, Anné said.
"I think it's a bit humbling to realize that a hadrosaurus that lived 70 million years ago could have had the same problems that affect the pigeons in the city," she said.
It's rare to find a dinosaur fossil with a malady. However, other researchers have found a few select remains indicating that the beasts experienced benign tumors and deformed fingers.
Laura is the managing editor at Live Science. She also runs the archaeology section and the Life's Little Mysteries series. Her work has appeared in The New York Times, Scholastic, Popular Science and Spectrum, a site on autism research. She has won multiple awards from the Society of Professional Journalists and the Washington Newspaper Publishers Association for her reporting at a weekly newspaper near Seattle. Laura holds a bachelor's degree in English literature and psychology from Washington University in St. Louis and a master's degree in science writing from NYU.
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