The Sleepiest States List

A new study has ranked U.S. states by residents' sleep problems and daytime fatigue. Among the sleepiest states, likely a reflection of the lack of quality sleep, were West Virginia, Oklahoma, Mississippi and Alabama.

The researchers, including Michael Grandner of the University of Pennsylvania, analyzed data from 157,319 participants who had answered two questions about how many days over the prior two weeks (from zero to 14) they had trouble falling asleep, staying asleep or sleeping too much. They also reported the number of days they felt tired or had little energy during that time. [5 Things You Must Know About Sleep]

The study, which relied on information from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, included 33 U.S. states as well as the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The researchers chose a cutoff of six out of 14 days to indicate sleep disturbance and daytime fatigue.

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States with the highest sleep disturbance: (percent of individuals who reported six or more days of sleep issues)

Delaware: 7.2 percent
Virgin Islands: 12.9
North Dakota: 14.6
Hawaii: 15.4
D.C.: 16.6
Iowa: 16.6
Minnesota: 16.7
Wisconsin: 16.9
New Hampshire: 17
Virginia: 17
California: 17.1
Montana: 17.1
Wyoming: 17.2
Vermont: 17.4
South Carolina: 17.8
Maine: 17.9
Texas: 18.2
Puerto Rico: 18.2
New Mexico: 18.4
Oregon: 18.8
Georgia: 19.1
Alaska: 19.2
Florida: 19.6
Tennessee: 19.6
Indiana: 19.7
Rhode Island: 19.8
Nevada: 20
Michigan: 20.4
Louisiana: 20.8
Utah: 21
Missouri: 21.3
Arkansas: 22.1
Alabama: 22.3
Mississippi: 22.4
Oklahoma: 24.7
West Virginia: 26

Sleepiest states: (percent of individuals with daytime fatigue for six or more days)

Virgin Islands: 16.4 percent
California: 17.9
North Dakota: 18.1
D.C.: 18.2
Minnesota: 18.7
Alaska: 18.8
New Hampshire: 19
Vermont: 19
Wisconsin: 19.2
Montana: 19.3
Iowa: 19.4
Puerto Rico: 19.4
Oregon: 19.7
Hawaii: 19.9
Florida: 20.3
Virginia: 20.3
Maine: 20.6
Wyoming: 20.6
Texas: 21.1
New Mexico: 21.6
Rhode Island: 21.6
Georgia: 22.2
Michigan: 22.2
Nevada: 22.6
Indiana: 23.1
South Carolina: 23.2
Delaware: 23.5
Utah: 23.8
Tennessee: 24.4
Missouri: 25.2
Louisiana: 25.4
Arkansas: 26.8
Alabama: 27.1
Oklahoma: 27.7
West Virginia: 29.9
Mississippi: 30

The study is detailed in the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

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Jeanna Bryner is managing editor of Scientific American. Previously she was editor in chief of Live Science and, prior to that, an editor at Scholastic's Science World magazine. Bryner has an English degree from Salisbury University, a master's degree in biogeochemistry and environmental sciences from the University of Maryland and a graduate science journalism degree from New York University. She has worked as a biologist in Florida, where she monitored wetlands and did field surveys for endangered species, including the gorgeous Florida Scrub Jay. She also received an ocean sciences journalism fellowship from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. She is a firm believer that science is for everyone and that just about everything can be viewed through the lens of science.

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