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Limit to Earthquake 'Domino Effect' Found

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Landers, CA quake
A magnitude 7.3 quake in Landers, Calif., in 1992 killed one person. (Image credit: Southern California Earthquake Data Center)

When an earthquake cracks open the Earth's surface, scientists now find there might be a limit to how far such rips will split, findings that could help map out what hazards quakes might pose.

When a fault in the surface gives way, the resulting earthquake can jump to nearby faults as well. This domino effect can make it very difficult to gauge how far a rupture might continue, especially in complex areas with overlapping fault segments, such as California's San Andreas fault system.

In these temblors, the researchers found what appeared to be an upper limit on the number of jumps from one fault to another through which an earthquake is likely to rupture — no more than three.

"The simplicity is surprising," researcher Steven Wesnousky, an earthquake geologist and seismologist at the University of Nevada, Reno, told OurAmazingPlanet.

The scientists acknowledged they needed more data for a better understanding of how ruptures might break. In the future, such research could help estimate the chances that known faults "that sit near one another will link to produce longer and larger earthquakes," Wesnousky said.

Wesnousky and colleague Glenn Biasi detailed their findings in the August issue of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

This story was provided by OurAmazingPlanet, a sister site to LiveScience.

Charles Q. Choi
Charles Q. Choi
Live Science Contributor
Charles Q. Choi is a contributing writer for Live Science and Space.com. He covers all things human origins and astronomy as well as physics, animals and general science topics. Charles has a Master of Arts degree from the University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Journalism and a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Florida. Charles has visited every continent on Earth, drinking rancid yak butter tea in Lhasa, snorkeling with sea lions in the Galapagos and even climbing an iceberg in Antarctica.