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The effective pressure under the Antarctic ice sheet describes how easily the ice flows atop the layer of water separating the ice from the bedrock. The new maps combine the bed topography, ice thickness, subglacial hydrology and base melt.
(Image credit: Shivani Ehrenfeucht et al., 2024; CC-BY-NC-ND)
Deep beneath Antarctica's ice is a hidden network of water channels that dictate how quickly the continent's ice sheets slide and melt. This is because liquid water can lubricate ice sheets, like glass sliding across a wet countertop.
By combining existing computer models for glacier drainage and ice sheet flow, scientists predicted where water should flow beneath the ice, and where this flow is particularly strong. Their models also accurately predicted the locations of known subglacial lakes in western Antarctica.
The researchers say their findings may help pinpoint areas of Antarctica at risk of rapid melting and enable scientists to better understand how subglacial water affects ice flow.
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Supermassive black holes in the very early universe strain our best theories of cosmology. New research suggests an ultra-rare form of dark matter could explain them.
Supermassive black holes in the early universe, observed by the James Webb Space Telescope, have left astronomers stumped for years. The objects were growing too big and too quickly to fit into our existing models. But now, scientists have proposed a novel solution to this cosmological conundrum — clumps of dark matter.
Dark matter is a mysterious substance that, though invisible, sculpts the cosmos. Historically, this enigmatic ingredient has been thought to only interact with other matter through gravity. But now scientists have suggested that dark matter may also be able to interact with itself, clumping together into dense cores that eventually collapse into supermassive black holes.
Photos of the jaw of the putative newfound species, Paranthropus capensis.
(Image credit: Lazarus Kgasi)
In 1949, archaeologists discovered a 1.4 million-year-old jaw bone in a cave in South Africa. The jaw was found among other fossils belonging to the genus Homo, to which our own species belongs. But the jaw was unusually thick, with long, rectangular molars that didn't look like those from any other Homo species.
Now, following X-ray analysis, scientists have concluded that the specimen did not belong to the Homo genus at all — rather it is a totally new extinct human relative, belonging to the genus Paranthropus.
If you're looking for something a little longer to read over the weekend, here are some of the best long reads, book excerpts and interviews published this week.
NASA astronaut Suni Williams can be seen in this telescope image of the International Space Station — if you know where to look.
(Image credit: Charline Giroud)
An amateur photographer on Earth has captured a stunning photo of "stranded" NASA astronaut Suni Williams floating outside the International Space Station (ISS) during a recent spacewalk.
During the walk, Williams broke the record for the most non-consecutive hours spent spacewalking by any female astronaut.
Williams and co-pilot Barry "Butch" Wilmore have been "stranded" on board the ISS since June 6, 2024, after the Boeing Starliner capsule that delivered them experienced multiple leaks. They are now due to return in late March at the earliest, although an exact date has not yet been confirmed.
Pandora is the trending news editor at Live Science. She is also a science presenter and previously worked as Senior Science and Health Reporter at Newsweek. Pandora holds a Biological Sciences degree from the University of Oxford, where she specialised in biochemistry and molecular biology.
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