Tom Metcalfe
Tom Metcalfe is a freelance journalist and regular Live Science contributor who is based in London in the United Kingdom. Tom writes mainly about science, space, archaeology, the Earth and the oceans. He has also written for the BBC, NBC News, National Geographic, Scientific American, Air & Space, and many others.
Latest articles by Tom Metcalfe

1,600-year-old tomb of Maya city's first ruler unearthed in Belize
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists have discovered the tomb of the Maya king who founded the city of Caracol in what is now Belize.

Severed bow of US warship blown off by Japanese torpedo finally found in South Pacific
By Tom Metcalfe published
More than 180 lives were lost in the WWII attack, but the U.S. ship stayed afloat.

Massive blocks from the Lighthouse of Alexandria, an ancient wonder, hauled up from the Mediterranean
By Tom Metcalfe published
French and Egyptian researchers are making a "digital twin" of the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt after lifting its ancient submerged blocks out of the Mediterranean Sea.

300-year-old pirate-plundered shipwreck that once held 'eyewatering treasure' discovered off Madagascar
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers think a shipwreck off Madagascar was a Portuguese treasure ship captured by pirates in 1721.

Viking Age woman was buried with her dog in an elaborate 'boat grave,' excavations reveal
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers think the Viking Age boat burial of a woman and her pooch in Norway dates to between A.D. 900 and 950.

Ottoman-era burial found in Israel may violate Islamic tradition
By Tom Metcalfe published
The unusual grave of a Bedouin woman who may have been buried with her son was found in southern Israel.

Gold coins from 'world's richest shipwreck' reveal 300-year-old depictions of castles, lions and Jerusalem crosses
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers used robotic diving vehicles to study gold coins on the seafloor by the wreck of the Spanish galleon San José.

Blue-eyed 'Ice Prince' toddler was buried with a sword and a piglet 1,350 years ago in Bavaria
By Tom Metcalfe published
The "Ice Prince" burial sheds light on a toddler from a wealthy family who lived around 1,350 years ago in Bavaria, Germany.

Ancient cave burial of 'Jesus' midwife' may actually hold a princess
By Tom Metcalfe published
The site's architecture may indicate the Judaean princess was buried there.

43,000-year-old human fingerprint is world's oldest — and made by a Neanderthal
By Tom Metcalfe published
The discovery of a 43,000-year-old fingerprint in Spain is challenging the idea that Neanderthals were not capable of symbolic art.

American submarine, lost for over a century, discovered 'remarkably intact' off the coast of San Diego
By Tom Metcalfe published
A submarine that sank over 100 years ago during WWI has been surveyed off the coast of San Diego.

When was math invented?
By Tom Metcalfe published
Humans started counting tens of thousands of years ago, but when did they begin figuring out advanced arithmetic, algebra and even calculus?

1940s Ford car found on wartime US carrier wreck
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers think the vehicle was used as a staff car by naval officers during World War II.

7 myths about the Vikings that are (almost) totally false
By Tom Metcalfe published
All that you've heard about the Vikings may not be true.

6,500-year-old hunting weapons found in Texas cave are among the oldest known in North America
By Tom Metcalfe published
The weapons from a toolkit unearthed in Texas may be the earliest ever found in North America.

What was the first alphabet in the world?
By Tom Metcalfe published
New discoveries challenge old ideas about the earliest alphabets.

Stunning reconstruction reveals warrior from ancient Siberia
By Tom Metcalfe published
A new full-body reconstruction depicts a warrior wearing armor and holding weapons, all of which were found in a 4,000-year-old burial in Siberia.

Mass grave of Roman-era soldiers discovered beneath soccer field in Vienna
By Tom Metcalfe published
Roman dead were often cremated, so the ancient mass grave in Vienna is a rare find.

Mysterious origin of iconic Sutton Hoo helmet possibly revealed in new research
By Tom Metcalfe published
A metalworking die found in Denmark features a depiction of a horse and warrior that is remarkably similar to motifs on the Sutton Hoo helmet in England.

Ancient Egyptian soldiers and Greek mercenaries were at 'Armageddon' when biblical king was killed, study suggests
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists have discovered evidence of an Egyptian army where an Israelite king was killed. The discoveries at Megiddo, which inspired "Armageddon," reinforce biblical stories about King Josiah of Judah.

Most ancient Europeans had dark skin, eyes and hair up until 3,000 years ago, new research finds
By Tom Metcalfe published
A new study charts the genetics of skin, hair and eye color in Europe over 45,000 years.

Scientists realize 'Viking' shipwreck is something else entirely
By Tom Metcalfe published
A more than 500-year-old shipwreck off the coast of Sweden isn't a Viking vessel after all, scientists have found.

Hoard of silver Roman coins found in UK — and some date to reign of Marcus Aurelius
By Tom Metcalfe published
The silver coins were minted over a period of more than 200 years, suggesting that Roman currency at this time was relatively stable.
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