Plant Calls in Wasps to Kick Some Butterfly Butt

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A parasitic wasp attacks the eggs left by a large cabbage white butterfly. (Image credit: Nina Fatouros (www.bugsinthepicture.com))

A cabbage hiring wasp hitmen to protect it from a butterfly invasion sounds like the premise of a deranged children's movie. But new research shows something like that actually might happen in nature.

Plants give off a range of chemical distress signals when they're under attack from diseases, pests and even lawnmowers. Black mustard, a cabbage relative, produces chemicals called plant volatiles when a certain butterfly decides to take up residence on its leaves, and a European team of researchers investigated what role these signals play in building the plant's defenses.

The study, led by Nina Fatouros, of Wageningen University in the Netherlands, showed that black mustard's response is highly specific to large cabbage white butterflies. When a less common pest, the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae), lays eggs on the plant, it does not trigger the same release of plant volatiles, the researchers said.

The study was based on experiments in a greenhouse setting and the researchers wrote in their paper that they are following up with studies of these dynamics under natural conditions.

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Megan Gannon
Megan Gannon
Live Science Contributor
Megan has been writing for Live Science and Space.com since 2012. Her interests range from archaeology to space exploration, and she has a bachelor's degree in English and art history from New York University. Megan spent two years as a reporter on the national desk at NewsCore. She has watched dinosaur auctions, witnessed rocket launches, licked ancient pottery sherds in Cyprus and flown in zero gravity. Follow her on Twitter and Google+.