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The images above show — before and after filtering — comet C/2013 A1, also known as Siding Spring, as captured by Wide Field Camera 3 on NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. Image released March 27, 2014.
(Image credit: ASA, ESA, and J.-Y. Li (Planetary Science Institute))
A comet poised to give Mars a close shave later this year is now blasting dust into space from at least two jets on its surface, photos from the Hubble Space Telescope reveal.
The latest Hubble photo of Comet Siding Spring, captured on March 11, shows what appear to be two jets of dust coming off the icy object's nucleus. The comet is making its way toward the inner solar system for an Oct. 19 rendezvous with Mars, during which it will miss the planet by just 84,000 miles (135,185 kilometers) — about one-third the distance between Earth and the moon.
The new Hubble observations, along with other recent images of Comet Siding Spring taken by the space telescope on Jan. 21 and Oct. 29, are helping scientists learn key details about the comet, such as the axis of rotation of its nucleus and the speed at which Siding Spring is ejecting dust. NASA released the new Hubble comet photos today (March 27). [See more Hubble photos of Comet Siding Spring]
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"This is critical information that we need to determine whether, and to what degree, dust grains in the coma of the comet will impact Mars and spacecraft in the vicinity of Mars," Jian-Yang Li, of the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Ariz., said in a statement.
The new Hubble photo was taken when Comet Siding Spring was 353 million miles (568 million km) from Earth. The comet's closest approach to our planet will come on Oct. 25, when it's 130 million miles (209 million km) away — likely too distant to be seen in our skies with the naked eye.
This is a series of Hubble Space Telescope pictures of comet C/2013 A1 Siding Spring as observed on Oct. 29, 2013; Jan. 21, 2014; and March 11, 2014. When processed, the images reveal two dust jets erupting from the comet's nucleus in opposite directions.
(Image credit: NASA, ESA, and J.-Y. Li (Planetary Science Institute))
Scientists still aren't sure how much of a threat Comet Siding Spring will pose to orbiters such as NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey. They should start to get a better idea in April and May, as the comet gets closer to the sun and begins shedding more material.
NASA officials have said that they're not worried about the agency's Red Planet rovers, Opportunity and Curiosity. Though Mars' atmosphere is just 1 percent as thick as that of Earth, it's still substantial enough to prevent comet dust from reaching the planet's surface, they say.
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Comet Siding Spring is formally known as Comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring), and was discovered in January 2013 by veteran comet hunter Robert McNaught at Australia's Siding Spring Observatory. Scientists suspect the comet is making its first trip to the inner solar system from the frigid and faraway comet repository known as the Oort Cloud. It won't pass this way again for another million years or so.
Michael was a science writer for the Idaho National Laboratory and has been an intern at Wired.com, The Salinas Californian newspaper, and the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. He has also worked as a herpetologist and wildlife biologist. He has a Ph.D. in evolutionary biology from the University of Sydney, Australia, a bachelor's degree from the University of Arizona, and a graduate certificate in science writing from the University of California, Santa Cruz.
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