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NASA Spacecraft Captures Video of Year-End Sun Storms

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NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft captured this shot during a period of intense solar storm activity from Dec. 29-30, 2011. (Image credit: NASA/SDO)

The sun closed out 2011 with a flurry of activity, and a keen-eyed NASA spacecraft captured the dramatic outburst on video.

NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) watched as our star erupted in dozens of storms during a 36-hour period on Dec. 29 and Dec. 30. The probe's stunning video, taken in extreme ultraviolet light, shows spouts of plasma and intense flashes of radiation blasting from the solar surface.

"Magnetic forces were violently pulling against each other, creating the frenetic activity," SDO researchers wrote in an accompanying update. "By pulling an image every two minutes, the level of detail we can observe is amazing."

The recent outburst didn't produce any truly gargantuan storms. The most powerful solar flares, for example, rated in the M class, the middle category in scientists' three-tiered flare classification system. ("C" flares are weaker and "X" flares are stronger.) [Video: Sun Rings in 2012 With a Blast (or Two)]

One medium-size flare is visible as a bright white flash about halfway through the new video. It's followed closely by a coronal mass ejection (CME) — a massive cloud of solar plasma that can streak through space at 3 million mph (5 million kph) or more.

CMEs that hit Earth can wreak havoc on our planet, causing temporary disruptions in GPS signals, radio communications and power grids. But last week's sun storms don't seem to have caused us any serious trouble.

It's not terribly suprising that the sun ended the year with a bang, because it had a very active 2011.

After remaining surprisingly quiet from 2005 through 2010, our star came alive last year, spouting off numerous powerful flares and CMEs. On Feb. 14, for example, the sun unleashed an X2.2 flare, the most intense one in more than four years.

Then, on Aug. 9, the sun let loose a flare with a magnitude of X6.9 — meaning it was more than three times stronger than the Feb. 14 eruption. There were other super-powerful storms last year as well; all up, scientists observed a total of eight X-class flares in 2011.

Most experts expect that the sun's restlessness will continue well into the new year and beyond. Solar activity waxes and wanes on an 11-year cycle, and scientists think the current one — known as Solar Cycle 24 — will peak in 2013.

The $850 million SDO spacecraft, which launched in February 2010, is the first in a fleet of NASA efforts to study our sun. The probe's five-year mission is the cornerstone of a NASA science program called Living with a Star, which aims to help researchers better understand aspects of the sun-Earth system that affect our lives and society.

This story was provided by SPACE.com, a sister site to LiveScience. You can follow SPACE.com senior writer Mike Wall on Twitter: @michaeldwall. Follow SPACE.com for the latest in space science and exploration news on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

Mike Wall
Mike Wall
Space.com Senior Writer
Michael was a science writer for the Idaho National Laboratory and has been an intern at Wired.com, The Salinas Californian newspaper, and the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. He has also worked as a herpetologist and wildlife biologist. He has a Ph.D. in evolutionary biology from the University of Sydney, Australia, a bachelor's degree from the University of Arizona, and a graduate certificate in science writing from the University of California, Santa Cruz.