Astonishing artifacts: A glimpse into how people lived in the past
Artifacts offer a window into the past, giving us information about people and cultures that existed centuries to millennia ago. From hoards of gold coins found hidden beneath floorboards to handmade pottery buried in caves, these intriguing objects are often the only physical evidence that remains. In some cases, the purpose or meaning of an artifact is lost to time, but its presence still reveals hints of what cultures valued or ritualized.
Each week, we showcase a different astonishing artifact that gives us new insight into how our ancestors lived.
Explore more amazing artifacts
—30 incredible treasures discovered in King Tut's tomb
—32 haunting shipwrecks from the ancient world
—32 stunning centuries-old hoards unearthed by metal detectorists
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Relief fragment with vanquished enemies: A 3,400-year-old depiction of an Egyptian pharaoh crushing western Asian soldiers under his royal chariotAstonishing Artifacts This battle scene painted on stone was repurposed three centuries later to help build an Egyptian tomb.
By Kristina Killgrove Published
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Mummy mask with wig: A 1,000-year-old 'false head' found in Peru that was crafted with real human hair and toxic red cinnabarAstonishing Artifacts Stylized masks like this one adorned pre-Inca mummies in Peru hundreds of years ago.
By Kristina Killgrove Published
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Elamite helmet with divine figures: A warrior king's 3,500-year-old bronze armor depicting a raptor and gold-plated godsAstonishing Artifacts This bronze helmet has been decorated with ancient deities from a civilization that flourished before the Persian Empire took over the area that is now Iran.
By Kristina Killgrove Published
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The Stargazer: A 5,000-year-old marble statuette of a Stone Age woman looking skywardAstonishing Artifacts Only a handful of these small, sleek, marble figurines carved by enigmatic Stone Age people are known to exist.
By Kristina Killgrove Published
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Sleep and Death cista handle: A 2,400-year-old sculpture depicting gods carrying away Zeus' son during the Trojan WarAstonishing Artifacts A small, bronze sculpture depicting a death scene in the Trojan War once graced an Etruscan box.
By Kristina Killgrove Published
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Hanging lamp in the form of a sandaled right foot: A 1,600-year-old bronze lamp with multilayered Christian symbolismAstonishing Artifacts This rare, foot-shaped oil lamp had multiple layers of meaning in early Christianity, including symbolizing enlightenment and Christian pilgrimage.
By Kristina Killgrove Published
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Mask of Mictlantecuhtli: A 500-year-old mask of the Aztec god of the underworld, who tore apart the dead as they entered his realmAstonishing Artifacts This skull-shaped mask was made to be used in a ritual involving the Aztec god of death.
By Kristina Killgrove Published
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Roman bath clog: The world's oldest shower shoes were found at a fort along Hadrian's WallAstonishing Artifacts The Romans were the first to wear clog-style footwear to the baths to protect their feet from the hot floor and to better navigate slippery surfaces.
By Kristina Killgrove Published
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Gessel gold hoard: A 3,300-year-old stash of gleaming treasures that's one of the largest Bronze Age hoards from EuropeAstonishing Artifacts The Gessel gold hoard is among the largest treasures ever discovered in prehistoric Europe but has only three pieces of jewelry in it.
By Kristina Killgrove Published
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