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A cobbler lost his thumb while trimming the heel of a shoe, but thankfully, surgeons were able to replace the missing digit with one of the man's big toes.
Master cobbler David Lee lost his thumb on Jan. 9, 2019, just six weeks after moving his cobbling business to a new location.
"Straight away, I knew how bad it was, and I just worried that I wouldn't be able to fix shoes again," Lee said in a statement. "I cried my eyes out when I thought about it, as I thought I was going to lose my shop."
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But after being referred to Royal Derby Hospital in Derby, England, Lee learned that his thumb could be replaced using a rare procedure called "toe-to-thumb reconstruction."
"There are lots of different ways to reconstruct thumbs, but using the big toe gives the best functional and cosmetic benefits, as it is the thing most like a thumb on the body," Jill Arrowsmith, one of the hand surgeons who performed Lee's operation, said in the statement. Surgeons offer the procedure only to patients who have lost most of the thumb, "usually down to the knuckle," Arrowsmith added.
"As soon as it was put to me that attaching my toe gave me a chance to carry on my job, I instantly said let's do it," Lee said.
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Toes serve as a near perfect substitute for fingers because both digits share a similar structure and range of motion, as well as sensitive skin and nails for pinching, according to a 2010 report in the Journal of Hand and Microsurgery. For patients that lose their entire thumb, only a full toe transfer can provide them "optimal rather than adequate function." Either the big toe or second toe can be used for the transfer, although the bulbous big toe better matches a thumb's appearance and function.
David Lee's healed hand post-surgery
(Image credit: UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS OF DERBY AND BURTON)
Removal of the big toe does leave an obvious deformity in the donor foot and can reduce the patient's power when pushing off from the floor, but generally, patients continue to walk normally after the procedure. In the end, the bizarre procedure is often worth the risk, according to the 2010 report. "For it is the loss of the thumb—'the king of the digits'—that most debilitates the hand, and therefore best justifies the great skill and rehabilitative effort attendant to the procedure," the authors noted.
Lee underwent the procedure five days after his accident, and the operation took 10 hours to complete. During the surgery, Arrowsmith and her colleagues amputated one of Lee's big toes and affixed the digit to his hand. Specialists at the hospital then led Lee through months of rehabilitative therapy to restore his hand function and grip strength to normal levels.
"Now, a year on, I'm back in the shop and doing what I love again," Lee said in a video released by the hospital.
Nicoletta Lanese is the health channel editor at Live Science and was previously a news editor and staff writer at the site. She is a recipient of the 2026 AHCJ International Health Study Fellowship, with a project focused on antibiotic stewardship practices in Japan and the U.S. They hold a graduate certificate in science communication from UC Santa Cruz and degrees in neuroscience and dance from the University of Florida. Beyond Live Science, Lanese's work has appeared in The Scientist, Science News, the Mercury News, Mongabay and Stanford Medicine Magazine, among other outlets. Based in NYC, she also remains involved in dance and performs in local choreographers' work.
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