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A group of volunteers has discovered a rare Roman mosaic in Boxford, England, that they say is likely more than 1,600 years old.
"Quite frankly, when I first saw it, I thought it was a hoax because it was so unlike anything that has ever turned up in this country," said Anthony Beeson, who was involved in the discovery. Beeson is a specialist of Roman art and architecture and a member of the board of the Association for Roman Archaeology.
The partially uncovered floor mosaic, which depicts the Greek mythological hero Bellerophon, is thought to be from sometime between A.D. 360 and 380, according to Beeson. It's a rare find because it depicts figures — not just geometric designs — and because it has an inscription, Steve Clark, a co-project leader for the Berkshire Archaeology Research Group of the Roman Boxford Project, told Live Science in an email. [Photos: Lost Roman Mosaics of Southern France]
The mosaic is also unique because the figures — both those in the central panels and those around the edges — extend beyond their borders. The corner figures extend outside their circular frames, as does a figure that may represent either a season (likely spring or summer) or Cupid. One of Pegasus' legs stretches over its border as well, Beeson told Live Science.
The mosaic depicts two scenes in the central panels involving the hero Bellerophon, while on the lower left, Hercules can be seen battling a centaur.
(Image credit: Richard Miller)
"You never find that in British mosaics, and you very, very rarely find it in any mosaic," he added. "It's done by somebody who doesn't want to stick to the rules, which, I think, is its charm."
The mosaic was on the floor of a room that was likely used for entertaining guests, Matt Nichol, a project officer for Cotswold Archaeology who was responsible for excavating the mosaic, told Live Science.
The owner of the modest villa in which the mosaic was found may have regaled his visitors with the stories depicted on the mosaic: one that shows a king named Iobates receiving Bellerophon into his court, and another of Bellerophon slaying Chimera, a monster that was part lion, part goat and part serpent, according to Beeson. By killing Chimera, which represented winter, Bellerophon was said to set the seasons rolling. At the edge of the mosaic, Hercules can be seen fighting a centaur — a fight that the famous mythological hero instigated by stealing wine from a group of centaurs.
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While large floor mosaics are ordinarily found as part of sprawling palaces, such as Fishbourne Roman Palace and Gardens in West Sussex, England, the villa holding the newly discovered mosaic was relatively small, only about 100 feet (30 meters) in length, Nichol said.
"This man with his little villa in the British countryside wanted to be seen and recognized as a member of this empire-wide elite, what it meant to be an educated Roman," Katherine Dunbabin, a professor emerita of classics at McMaster University in Ontario who was not involved in the discovery, told Live Science.
Sarah Puschmann is a staff writer for Live Science. She particularly enjoys writing about ecology and evolution and has degrees in creative writing and physics. Before joining Live Science, she taught English in Korea, Costa Rica, Argentina, Sweden, and Germany. Follow her on Twitter.
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