Expert Voices

JFK conspiracy theory is debunked in Mexico 57 years after Kennedy assassination

This man visited the Soviet embassy in Mexico City while Lee Harvey Oswald was in Mexico in 1963. U.S. officials think it may be Oswald.
This man visited the Soviet embassy in Mexico City while Lee Harvey Oswald was in Mexico in 1963. U.S. officials think it may be Oswald. (Image credit: Corbis via Getty Images)

Most conspiracy theories surrounding President John F. Kennedy’s assassination have been disproven. Kennedy was not killed by a gas-powered device triggered by aliens or by actor Woody Harrelson’s dad.

But speculation about Kennedy’s Nov. 22, 1963 murder in Dallas continues, fueled by unreleased classified documents, bizarre ballistics and the claim of assassin Lee Harvey Oswald – who was later killed on live TV while in police custody – that he was “just a patsy.”

Several JFK assassination experts, like the former New York Times investigative reporter Phillip Shenon, see Mexico as the best place to find answers regarding a possible conspiracy and who was behind it.

Just over a month before Kennedy’s killing, Oswald took a bus from Texas to Mexico City. He arrived Friday morning, Sept. 27, 1963 and left very early on Wednesday, Oct. 2, according to American and Mexican intelligence.

Was Oswald a kind of rogue James Bond who went south of the border to consort with communists, Cuban revolutionaries and spies – or just a deranged killer?

I dug into that question while researching my book on conspiracy narratives in Mexico, and I think I found something everybody else missed: a hole in the story of the very man who started a tenacious conspiracy theory about Oswald’s Mexico trip.

Communist Mexico City

Mexico was a Cold War hot spot in the mid-20th century, a haven for Soviet exilesAmerican leftists fleeing the anti-communist persecution of McCarthyism and sympathizers with Cuba’s Castro regimeEvery communist and democratic country had an embassy in Mexico City – the only place in the Western Hemisphere where these enemies coexisted more or less openly.

According to witnesses from the Cuban and Soviet diplomatic missions, Oswald visited their embassies repeatedly on Friday and Saturday. He was desperately seeking visas to those countries, which Americans were then prohibited from visiting.

Told such documents would take months to process, Oswald got in a heated argument with the Cuban consul, Emilio Azcué. Oswald also forced a KGB volleyball match on Saturday morning to be canceled when he brandished a weapon at the Soviet consulate, before bursting into tears and leaving.

Those events are well documented by the CIA, which in the 1960s had ramped up its Mexico operations to monitor communist activity, even hiring 200 Mexican agents to help. The Mexican Secret Service, whose 1960s-era files Mexico has recently begun to declassify, also tracked Oswald on Sept. 27 and Sept. 28, 1963.

Oswald’s whereabouts for the next three-and-a-half days, however, remain unknown.

A conspiracy theory is born

A main conspiracy about Oswald’s undocumented time in Mexico City puts him in contact with dangerous Mexicans on the left side of the Cold War.

This story originated in March 1967, when the American consul in the Mexican coastal city of Tampico, Benjamin Ruyle, was buying drinks for local journalists.

One of them – Óscar Contreras Lartigue, a 28-year-old reporter for El Sol de Tampico – told Ruyle he’d met Oswald in 1963 when he was a law student at Mexico’s National Autonomous University.

Contreras said he’d been in a pro-Castro campus group and that Oswald had begged this group for help getting a Cuban visa. According to Contreras, Oswald spent two days with these National Autonomous University students, then met up with them again a few days later at the Cuban Embassy.

Evidently afraid for his life, Contreras wouldn’t tell Ruyle much more. He said he himself had traveled to Cuba, knew people in the Castro regime and had blown up the statue of a former Mexican president on campus in Mexico City. Contreras feared persecution for his political activities.

Contreras did say this wasn’t the first time he was sharing his story, though. After JFK was shot, Contreras told Ruyle, he’d commented to his editor that he’d recently met Oswald.

The Contreras question

Contreras’ account hinted at suspicious, previously unknown connections between Oswald and communist Cuba made shortly before JFK’s assassination.

His story was, according to a memo later sent from CIA headquarters, “the first solid investigative lead we have on Oswald’s activities in Mexico.” U.S. government officials needed to find out if Contreras was a trustworthy source.

Three months after Ruyle’s happy hour, a CIA official from Mexico City went to Tampico to question Contreras. During the six-hour interrogation, Contreras still refused to go into details, but he did say Oswald never mentioned assassination – only that he said repeatedly he “had to get to Cuba.”

In 1978, a researcher from the U.S. House Select Commission on Assassinations named Dan Hardway went to Mexico to investigate the JFK assassination. He was unable to interview Contreras despite several attempts, but in an influential report warned his account should not be dismissed.

The New York Times reporter Shenon, who interviewed Oscar Contreras for a 2013 book on the JFK assassination, also found Contreras credible. Shenon wrote that Contreras – whom he calls a “prominent journalist” – “went much further” in their interview than he had with the CIA, alleging “far more extensive contacts between Oswald and Cuban agents in Mexico.”

Dan Hardway, who is now a lawyer in West Virginia, still believes Contreras. After reading Shenon’s book, he reiterated in 2015 that Lee Harvey Oswald might have been part of a wider Cuban intelligence web.

Hole in the web

Óscar Contreras died in 2016, so I could not interview him myself.

But in my investigation, a minute detail of his biography grabbed my attention – an apparently overlooked contradiction that could undermine his entire story.

In Contreras’ telling, he fled the National Autonomous University campus and moved to Tampico around 1964. Yet Contreras also allegedly told his “editor” about his encounter with Oswald after the 1963 Kennedy assassination.

College newspapers aren’t common in Mexico, and Contreras was a law student. So how could he have had an editor in 1963?

I thought his hometown paper, El Sol de Tampico, might hold the answer. Digging through its archives, I found that the newspaper ran a Sunday gossip column in the early 1960s called “Crisol,” or “melting pot.”

Óscar Contreras became the reporter for “Crisol” on June 6, 1963, and continued writing the gossip column in September and October that year.

While Lee Harvey Oswald was in Mexico City, Contreras was 300 miles away in Tampico. In flamboyant prose, faded back issues of the local paper show, he chronicled the sumptuous wedding receptions, quinceañeras and yacht excursions of Tampico’s high society.

Three dark days

I believe the Sol de Tampico archives discredit Contereras’ account.

A political correspondent may live far from where his newspaper is published. But for a gossip columnist, that would be dereliction of duty.

This revelation plunges Oswald’s fall 1963 trip to Mexico back into the dark.

There are other conspiracy theories, including that Oswald had a Mexican mistress who took him to a party of communists and spies.

But it’s more likely Mexico holds no hidden clues to JFK’s assassination.

Conspiracy theories offer assurances of depth and closure, a promise that the biggest enigma of the 20th century is solvable. But from what we know about what Oswald did and didn’t do in Mexico City, he was a volatile, disorganized loner who couldn’t even handle travel logistics.

JFK’s assassination is a cold case. And in Mexico, only exhausted leads remain.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Follow all of the Expert Voices issues and debates — and become part of the discussion — on Facebook and Twitter. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. This version of the article was originally published on Live Science.

Gonzalo Soltero
Professor of Narrative Analysis, School of Higher Studies, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

Gonzalo Soltero is an author and professor of Narrative Analysis at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) campus in León, Guanajuato. His research interests include the impact of narratives upon culture, cultural policy and conspiracy theory. Gonzalo received his doctorate in Cultural Policy from the University of Warwick in the U.K.

  • Miles
    admin said:
    Most conspiracy theories surrounding President John F. Kennedy’s assassination have been disproven.

    JFK conspiracy theory is debunked in Mexico 57 years after Kennedy assassination : Read

    As its just past the 60th Anniversary of JFKs assassination I was looking for any new takes on Oswald that I had not heard of.

    The livescience Mexico City angle was something I didnt know much about and was interesting.

    So I signed up here to learn more and read about some of the HSCA Lopez and Hardway report and other HSCA findings on the Mexico City events linked in this livescience article and from the links kindly provided

    Looking forward to some feed back on this or books or articles that might provide more information on the Oswald in Mexico City
    Reply
  • Miles
    Here is what I found in the released government files, and is from the same source that the livescience article uses to reference HSCA documents - maryferrell.org.

    The Head of the FBI, Hoover, told President Johnson in a phone call on the morning after JFK was killed, that the CIA had sent voice tapes, transcripts and photos of an Oswald double in Mexico City, leaving and phone calling in to the Russian Embassy, to the FBI agents in Dallas.

    The FBI agents had interviewed Oswald on the day of JFKs death, and said the Oswald in Dallas was not the same as the one as was on the CIA Mexico City voice tapes, claiming on the calls that he was Oswald, or in the CIA photos.

    I also saw the same info on page 8 of the Lopez and Hardway HSCA report, linked in this livescience article, from an FBI memo saying there was an Oswald double in Mexico City.

    https://www.maryferrell.org/pages/The_Mexico_City_Tapes.html
    The above link has the Whitehouse transcript of the call between Hoover and President Johnson about the Oswald double in Mexico City, and much other HSCA information

    I then looked at other HSCA transcripts on maryferrell.org site that said all the above.

    I also found reports that said the CIA said they had no photos of people going into the Cuban Consulate, and so the Cuban goverment provided the HSCA's Lopez and Hardway with a book of photos everyone leaving the Cuban Consulate for the time Oswald was supposed to be there. This included the man applying for a visa and claiming to be Oswald coming out of the Cuban Consulate after asking for a visa.

    This was a different man to the one the CIA photographed coming out of the Russian Embassy, and was also not the same man arrested in Dallas.

    I also read Mr Azcue's HSCA testimony. He was the Cuban Consul who saw Oswald about the Cuban visa.

    He said to the HSCA, the Oswald visiting the Cuban Consulate in Mexico City was not the same man that he saw shot on TV in Dallas by Jack Ruby

    So it seems the CIA, FBI, Whitehouse, HSCA, Russian and Cuban reports and records, all agree that there was at least 1 fake Oswald, or maybe 2, in Mexico City that was not the same as the one killed in Dallas, and no one has a photo or voice recording of the real Oswald in Mexico City.

    So this has added another dimension of mystery to the livescience JFK article.

    Does anyone know more about this Oswald Mexico City double story and why its not been discussed more in the the past?

    It seems to be another page in the conspiracy theories or conspiracy truths about who Oswald was or wasnt or might have been.

    (maryferrell.org)

    I got most of the points from the maryferrell.org link earlier above which open easily on any web page.

    Below is a link showing where the Mexico City Oswald fake double information comes from, in the released government files and HSCA reports.

    There are interesting points made below from HSCA transcripts of testimony about the evidence sources.

    From page 5 of the HSCA doc to page 10 it sets out one local Mexico City phone call was made to the Russian Embassy by a fake Oswald on the 3rd Oct 1963.

    This was the day after Oswald is recorded by the Warren Commission as having left Mexico City.

    On page 10 of the pdf it says that the man identified as a fake Oswald (for reasons set out in the HSCA report), in numerous CIA recorded/bugged phone calls to the Russian Embassy, even made a call from the Cuban Consulate to the Russian Embassy, on a line bugged by the CIA.

    That call was initiated by a Silvia Duran a member of the Cuban Consulate staff, who then handed the call over to the fake Oswald to talk.

    This is in the HSCA document on page 10 in the link below which just opens in any web browser at page 5; look down to page 10 under the heading Reply

    https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=6458#relPageId=5
    I guess this has all been reported before but is new to me and looks interesting.

    Does anyone have any information on why this might not be true, where else its discussed and reported, and finally why someone seems to be pretending to be a somewhat unknown 24 year old American in Mexico City. Does this qualify as a new breaking livescience forum topic ?
    Reply