Half-blind Greenland shark possibly spotted in the Caribbean, thousands of miles from its usual home

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Greenland sharks normally live in the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans.

The shark looks like a Greenland shark but was released before a genetic sample could be collected.
The shark looks like a Greenland shark but was released before a genetic sample could be collected. (Image credit: Devanshi Kasana/FIU)

A strange, ancient-looking shark with blue eyes was unexpectedly discovered in the tropical waters of the Caribbean when it was hooked by Belizean fishers and a biologist on April 22.

Researchers recently determined that the unusual fish may have been a Greenland shark or a Greenland shark hybrid in the sleeper shark family — the first of its kind seen in western Caribbean waters. 

The strange shark was caught at Glover’s Reef off Belize, and the boat’s crew instantly knew they’d captured something out of the ordinary. "I knew it was something unusual and so did the fishers, who hadn’t ever seen anything quite like it in all their combined years of fishing," Devanshi Kasana, a doctoral candidate at Florida International University who was part of the crew and led the new study, said in a statement. 

With an estimated length of up to 12 feet (3.5 meters), the mysterious shark was released before it could be formally identified. Sleeper sharks are normally found in the ocean's deepest, coldest waters, with Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) typically dwelling in the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans. The new discovery supports a hypothesis that these sharks may be more widespread than previously thought. 

The Caribbean shark discovery took place thousands of miles from where Greenland sharks are normally found. Kasana was working with Belizean fishers to tag tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) as part of her doctoral research, in collaboration with the Belize Fisheries Department and local fishing communities, when they stumbled upon the unusual shark.

An approaching storm forced the crew to release the shark almost immediately for its own safety, so they weren't able to take a genetic sample. For the new study, Kasana and her colleagues studied footage and images of the shark that were taken during its capture and found that it shared key characteristics with Greenland sharks and other sleeper sharks, including a rounded snout, low and rounded pectoral fins and an eye parasite. The shark was also sluggish and slow-moving like sleeper sharks typically are when they're captured, according to the study. 

The researchers concluded it was most likely a Greenland shark, or a hybrid between a Greenland shark and a Pacific sleeper shark (Somniosus pacificus), a similar species in the sleeper shark family. 

While the tropics might seem like an odd place for sleeper sharks, the waters surrounding Glover’s Reef are deep, and the slopes along its edges drop from 1,600 feet to 9,500 feet (500 m to 2,900 m) below the surface, according to the statement. Sleeper sharks may be more common in these deep, tropical waters than previously recorded, the researchers suggested.  

Greenland sharks are the longest-living vertebrates on Earth. A 2016 study published in the journal Science estimated that the sharks may have a maximum lifespan of at least 272 years. They scavenge and hunt live prey, and have been found with everything from fish to polar bear (Ursus maritimus) remains in their stomachs. 

The study was published on July 15 in the journal Marine Biology. 

Originally published on Live Science. 

Patrick Pester
Patrick Pester
Trending News Writer

Patrick Pester is the trending news writer at Live Science. His work has appeared on other science websites, such as BBC Science Focus and Scientific American. Patrick retrained as a journalist after spending his early career working in zoos and wildlife conservation. He was awarded the Master's Excellence Scholarship to study at Cardiff University where he completed a master's degree in international journalism. He also has a second master's degree in biodiversity, evolution and conservation in action from Middlesex University London. When he isn't writing news, Patrick investigates the sale of human remains.