Life's Little Mysteries

Can wearing a face mask protect you from the new coronavirus?

(Image credit: Shutterstock)

Editor's Note: On April 3, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began recommending that people wear face coverings in public. You can read that coverage here. The below article was written before this recommendation was issued.

Can wearing a medical face mask protect you against the new coronavirus? It's a question many people are asking, including pet owners who are putting canine face masks on their dogs

If it's a regular surgical face mask, the answer is no, Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee, told Live Science. 

A more specialized mask, known as an N95 respirator, can protect against the new coronavirus, also called SARS-CoV-2. The respirator is thicker than a surgical mask, but neither Schaffner nor the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) recommend it for public use, at least not at this point.

Related: Coronavirus cases top 89,000: Live updates on COVID-19

That's because, in part, it's challenging to put on these masks and wear them for long periods of time, he said. 

Specialists receive retraining annually on how to properly fit these respirators around the nose, cheeks and chin, ensuring that wearers don't breathe around the edges of the respirator. "When you do that, it turns out that the work of breathing, since you're going through a very thick material, is harder. You have to work to breathe in and out. It's a bit claustrophobic. It can get moist and hot in there," Schaffner said.

"I know that I can wear them when I need to for about a half-hour," he added. "But then, I have to go out of the isolation room, take it off and take some deep breaths, kind of cool off, before I can go back in."

While it still might be possible to snag an N95 respirator online, Schaffner advised against it. If too many people unnecessarily stockpile respirators, a shortage could put the health of medical workers and those who need them at risk, Schaffner said.

Updated March 5 with the latest information on COVID-19.

An N95 respirator

An N95 respirator (Image credit: Shutterstock)

Surgical masks

The thinner surgical mask is intended for surgeons, because these products do a good job of keeping pathogens from the doctor's nose and mouth from entering the surgical field, Schaffner said. 

In some Asian countries, such as Japan and China, it's not uncommon to see people wearing surgical masks in public to protect against pathogens and pollution. But those masks don't help much in the context of a virus, Schaffner said. "They're not designed to keep out viral particles, and they're not nearly as tightly fitted around your nose and cheeks" as an N95 respirator, he said.

"Could they be of some use? Yes, but the effect is likely to be modest," Schaffner said.

He noted that some people wear surgical masks because they are sick with a cold or the flu and they don't want to get other people sick. But if you're sick, it's best just not to go to public areas. "That's the time to stay home," Schaffner said.

People sick with COVID-19, however, should wear face masks to reduce the risk of infection to people around them, according to the CDC. Health care workers and those "taking care of someone infected with COVID-19 in close settings (at home or in a healthcare facility)," should also wear face masks, the CDC reported. 

People wearing surgical masks should dispose of them after each use, the CDC added

Otherwise, the best way to avoid getting the coronavirus is to, first and foremost, postpone any travel to places with known outbreaks. You can also thoroughly wash your hands with soap; avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands; avoid close contact with people who are sick; and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces, the CDC recommends

As for pet owners putting face masks on their dogs, a Pomeranian dog in Hong Kong  tested positive a "weak positive" for COVID-19. That dog is now in quarantine, but is not showing symptoms of the disease, according to a March 5 piece in the South China Morning Post. However, it's unclear how the dog was tested for the illness. What's more, it doesn't appear that pets can transmit the virus to humans, and experts told people with pets not to panic.

Rather than put face masks on pets, the CDC advises that people ill with COVID-19 avoid animals, just as they would other people. 

Originally published on Live Science.

Laura Geggel
Editor

Laura is the archaeology and Life's Little Mysteries editor at Live Science. She also reports on general science, including paleontology. Her work has appeared in The New York Times, Scholastic, Popular Science and Spectrum, a site on autism research. She has won multiple awards from the Society of Professional Journalists and the Washington Newspaper Publishers Association for her reporting at a weekly newspaper near Seattle. Laura holds a bachelor's degree in English literature and psychology from Washington University in St. Louis and a master's degree in science writing from NYU.

  • NZun
    Good luck getting one. Most manufacturers are backordered until April. They were all bought out on Monday. Already seen the price gouging online on Amazon.
    Reply
  • cvpn20
    yes...yes...THANK YOU for posting this so now all of these ignorant people can now go out and buy up all of the N95s so there are none for the people working in hospitals that ACTUALLY NEED THEM. fantastic.
    Reply
  • macgyver
    admin said:
    Only an N95 respirator mask can help.
    How about a P95? How about an N100?
    How about an R95?
    Reply
  • echtogammut
    P95 or R95 would work just as well, they just contain an additional layer to handle certain oil or organic particulates. As for not buying N95 online... I'm guessing he's talking about Amazon or Ebay where you don't know what you're getting. However, all major home repair, wood working or fabrication supply shops sell N95 masks. I always keep a box in case I run out of cartridges for my the respirator I use for wood working and painting.
    Reply
  • Kingist
    Absolutely you should wear a mask but not for the reasons you think. This made sense to me https://upwarding.com/wuhan-coronavirus-yes-you-should-wear-a-mask-heres-why/
    Reply
  • stef
    I was looking at the n95 masks for sale on the net. No two seem to look alike. Most of them are listed a partial mask dust, saw dust that sort of thing. Is there some other way to ID the right mask?
    Your comment about fitting…If I cut a nylon stocking across the leg and then singed the edge to prevent runs and used this to secure the surgical mask. I have two boxes of surgical masks. (I was planning to sail around the world by my self and had a good first aid kit put together but life got in the way.) Might this help?
    Reply
  • Nancy Gao
    I choose to stay at home.
    Reply
  • Mike G
    The n95 masks are readily available from Home Depot. Look in the drywall or cement handling section, since they are designed for stopping small particulates. At the same time, I just bought a box of 10 masks from our local Costco during the California wildfire season. They are very durable and easy to fit to your face. Box of 10 at Home Depot: $20.
    Reply
  • zhammer
    cvpn20 said:
    yes...yes...THANK YOU for posting this so now all of these ignorant people can now go out and buy up all of the N95s so there are none for the people working in hospitals that ACTUALLY NEED THEM. fantastic.
    Ah yes I'm sure all the hospitals are getting their N95 masks from walmart and Home Depot.
    Reply
  • paperpushermj
    Change your perspective...the Masks are worn to keep you from infecting other people...
    Reply