Can Health Conditions Create Real Halloween Spooks?

Credit: guinnessworldrecords.com — Supatra "Nat" Sasuphan was diagnosed with hypertrichosis, or "werewolf syndrome."

(Image credit: guinnessworldrecords.com)

The zombies, vampires and other fiends that will come knocking on your door this Halloween are the merely the stuff of Hollywood B movies and Old World superstitions — right?

Perhaps not, say some researchers, who claim there is scientific evidence linking Halloween spooks to rare but real medical conditions. From witches to werewolves, here's an explanation of how medical researchers may have discovered the scientific roots that underlie some of your favorite ogres:

Witches: In order to join your local coven of witches, some say you first must enter into a pact with Satan, or some such nonsense. A few researchers have speculated that a more likely explanation for supernatural behavior is the consumption of rye bread that's spoiled by a hallucinogenic fungus known as ergot (Claviceps purpurea). The fungus thrives during extended periods of cool, wet weather. [The Surprising Origins of 9 Common Superstitions]

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Ergot contains some potent chemical compounds, including a precursor to LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide). People who eat bread made from ergot-contaminated rye could develop hallucinations, muscle spasms, convulsions, crawling sensations on their skin and other delusions — all of these reportedly were noted among the people accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials, which occurred in Massachusetts during the cool, rainy years of the early 1690s.

"The rarest and most horrific form of the porphyrias," Ann M. Cox wrote in 1995 in Postgraduate Medical Journal, "is congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Beginning in early childhood, congenital erythropoietic porphyria manifests itself in extreme sensitivity to light (sun). On exposure to light the skin blisters, and with infection can become so severely scarred as to leave the individual quite disfigured."

Britain's Prince Charles has acknowledged that he is a distant relation of Vlad the Impaler, the notorious Romanian warlord who inspired the legend of the vampire Dracula — and the genetic form of porphyria is widely believed to run through the British royal family (King George III and Mary, Queen of Scots, may have had the condition). Some historians have suggested that if Vlad also had porphyria, this could be further proof that the disease helped to create the folklore of vampires.

Werewolves: The snarling, hairy man-beast that lurks beneath the light of a full moon is an ancient myth with roots in early European paganism. The perseverance of the werewolf myth, however, may be due to a disease known as hypertrichosis, also called "wolfitis." Hypertrichosis causes unusual growth of hair on the body. The condition, which can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired, is sometimes marked by patterned hair growth or a few scattered patches of unusually dense hair.

Mummies: There's little doubt that mummies are real — the artfully preserved remains of people (and animals) have been discovered from the pyramids of Egypt to the Andes Mountains of Argentina. What's less well known, however, is the wealth of medical information these mummies are yielding to contemporary scientists. Mummies have been found to harbor atherosclerosis, a form of heart disease wherein calcium deposits narrow the arteries. This discovery challenges the conventional wisdom that clogged arteries are caused primarily by a modern diet loaded with sugar and fats.

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Marc Lallanilla has been a science writer and health editor at About.com and a producer with ABCNews.com. His freelance writing has appeared in the Los Angeles Times and TheWeek.com. Marc has a Master's degree in environmental planning from the University of California, Berkeley, and an undergraduate degree from the University of Texas at Austin.