Olympic Decathlon: How to Maximize the Long Jump

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Long Jumper Andrew Howe
Andrew Howe performs a long jump during the 2011 Summer Track and Field Italian Championship meeting on June 25, 2011 in Turin, Italy. (Image credit: Diego Barbieri / Shutterstock.com)

The gold medal winner of the Olympic decathlon is often dubbed "the best athlete in the world," and for good reason — these athletes compete in 10 track and field events over two days, requiring not only stamina but range.

This year's athlete to watch is Ashton Eaton, the U.S. decathlete who set a world record in the event during qualifying trials in June. In doing so, he beat out American Brian Clay, the 2008 gold medal winner who failed to qualify for the 2012 games.

"That's where the difficulty lies, is learning how to come in with somewhat of a rhythmic run-up, and then hit the board with as much accuracy as possible, and then of course catapult yourself and jump as far as you can into the sand," Clay told the National Science Foundation in an interview about his preparations for the event.

With the help of Melvin Ramey, an engineer for USA Track and Field, Clay used special double-lens cameras designed by car manufacturer BMW to perfect his long jump. (Hurdles and discus were Clay's downfall at the qualifying trials.)

These cameras precisely tracked Clay's movements as he sprinted and jumped in practices, allowing his coaches to calculate both his horizontal and vertical velocities. From these two values, they could then calculate Clay's take-off angle, a crucial value for a long-jumper. [Video: Maximizing the Long Jump]

"In general, world-class jumps are at a take-off angle somewhere between 18 and 22 degrees," Ramey told the National Science Foundation.

BMW is developing these cameras to help drivers not only see objects around their cars, but to judge those objects' distances. For Clay, the same cameras provide instant athletic feedback.

"With this technology, we actually will know how fast we're running, how much velocity we're maintaining off the board, and then we can do some calculations to see how far of a jump that should have been, and how far of a jump it actually was," Clay said.

The other events in the decathlon are the 100-meter sprint, the shotput, the high jump, the 400-meter run, the 110-meter hurdles, the discus throw, the pole vault, the javelin throw and the 1500-meter run.

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Stephanie Pappas
Stephanie Pappas
Live Science Contributor

Stephanie Pappas is a contributing writer for Live Science, covering topics ranging from geoscience to archaeology to the human brain and behavior. She was previously a senior writer for Live Science but is now a freelancer based in Denver, Colorado, and regularly contributes to Scientific American and The Monitor, the monthly magazine of the American Psychological Association. Stephanie received a bachelor's degree in psychology from the University of South Carolina and a graduate certificate in science communication from the University of California, Santa Cruz.