Oldest human ever found in Egypt brought to life in stunning new facial approximation

Two facial approximations of an ancient Egyptian man.
Researchers created two facial approximations of an ancient Egyptian man using photogrammetry. (Image credit: Moacir Elias Santos and Cícero Moraes)

A lifelike facial approximation of a man who lived 30,000 years ago in what is now Egypt may offer clues about human evolution.

In 1980, archaeologists unearthed the man's skeletal remains at Nazlet Khater 2, an archaeological site in Egypt's Nile Valley. Anthropological analysis revealed that the man was between 17 and 29 years old when he died, stood approximately 5 feet, 3 inches (160 centimeters) tall and was of African ancestry. The skeleton is the oldest example of Homo sapiens remains found in Egypt and one of the oldest in the world, according to a study published March 22.

However, little else was known about him other than that he was buried alongside a stone ax.

Now, more than 40 years later, a team of Brazilian researchers has created a facial approximation of the man using dozens of digital images they collected while viewing his skeletal remains, which are part of the collection at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. 

"The skeleton has most of the bones preserved, although there have been some losses, such as the absence of ribs, hands, [the] middle-inferior part of the right tibia [shin bone] and [the] lower part of the left tibia, as well as the feet," first author Moacir Elias Santos, an archaeologist with the Ciro Flamarion Cardoso Archaeology Museum in Brazil, told Live Science in an email. "But the main structure for facial approximation, the skull, was well preserved."

Related: King Tut's father revealed in stunning facial reconstruction

One characteristic of the skull that stood out to the researchers was the jaw and how it differed from more modern mandibles. A portion of the skull was also missing, but the team copied and mirrored it using the opposite side of the skull and used data points from computerized tomography (CT) scans from living virtual donors. 

"The skull, in general terms, has a modern structure, but part of it has archaic elements, such as the jaw, which is much more robust than that of modern men," study co-researcher Cícero Moraes, a Brazilian graphics expert, told Live Science in an email. "When I observed the skull for the first time, I was impressed with that structure and at the same time curious to know how it would look after approaching the face."

By digitally stitching together the images in a process known as photogrammetry, the researchers created two virtual 3D models of the man. The first was a black-and-white image with his eyes closed in a neutral state, and the second was a more artistic approach featuring a young man with tousled dark hair and a trimmed beard.

"In general, people think that facial approximation works like in Hollywood movies, where the end result is 100% compatible with the person in life," Moraes said. "In reality, it's not quite like that. What we do is approximate what could be the face, with available statistical data and the resulting work is a very simple structure. 

"However, it is always important to humanize the individual's face when working with historical characters, since, by complementing the structure with hair and colors, the identification with the public will be greater, arousing interest and — who knows — a desire to study more about the specific subject or archeology [and] history as a whole," he added.

The researchers hope that providing a look at this ancient man could help archaeologists better understand how humans have evolved over time.

"The fact that this individual is over 30,000 years old makes it important for understanding human evolution," Santos said.

Jennifer Nalewicki
Live Science Staff Writer

Jennifer Nalewicki is a Salt Lake City-based journalist whose work has been featured in The New York Times, Smithsonian Magazine, Scientific American, Popular Mechanics and more. She covers several science topics from planet Earth to paleontology and archaeology to health and culture. Prior to freelancing, Jennifer held an Editor role at Time Inc. Jennifer has a bachelor's degree in Journalism from The University of Texas at Austin.

  • Weedonald
    The reconstruct ion is strikingly like the actor Samuel L. Jackson!
    Reply
  • MikeF72
    Looks just like Lawrence Fishburne
    Reply
  • Egyptian
    This so called "research" is not to be considered legitimate. The Egyptian ministry of tourism and antiquities has released an official statement regarding this article, that whoever these Brazilian researchers are have not in any way issued a request to investigate the skeleton that lies in the Egyptian museum of civilization and has not laid a hand on it, and thus these results are not ligitimate and is not considered an academic study.

    This, by the tone it was written in and the illustrated images, show an undoubted bias to the afrocentric movement.

    This is beyond Shameful.
    Reply
  • OldWizard
    Egyptian said:
    This so called "research" is not to be considered legitimate. The Egyptian ministry of tourism and antiquities has released an official statement regarding this article, that whoever these Brazilian researchers are have not in any way issued a request to investigate the skeleton that lies in the Egyptian museum of civilization and has not laid a hand on it, and thus these results are not ligitimate and is not considered an academic study.

    This, by the tone it was written in and the illustrated images, show an undoubted bias to the afrocentric movement.

    This is beyond Shameful.

    Did you even read the study?
    Read the third paragraph in the "Materials and methods". They actually went there to capture the data.
    Reply
  • cogitas3d
    Egyptian said:
    This so called "research" is not to be considered legitimate. The Egyptian ministry of tourism and antiquities has released an official statement regarding this article, that whoever these Brazilian researchers are have not in any way issued a request to investigate the skeleton that lies in the Egyptian museum of civilization and has not laid a hand on it, and thus these results are not ligitimate and is not considered an academic study.

    This, by the tone it was written in and the illustrated images, show an undoubted bias to the afrocentric movement.

    This is beyond Shameful.
    I wrote an article where I detail my response to the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities of Egypt, which issued a careless note about our work, in a way that, unfortunately, spread inaccurate information about the methodology used, since everything was very detailed in the article we wrote about Nazlet Khater's facial approximation.
    Article link: https://bit.ly/3Nthbtc
    Reply
  • cogitas3d
    OldWizard said:
    Did you even read the study?
    Read the third paragraph in the "Materials and methods". They actually went there to capture the data.
    Yes, in that study we explain all the details. Thank you!

    I wrote an article where I detail my response to the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities of Egypt, which issued a careless note about our work, in a way that, unfortunately, spread inaccurate information about the methodology used, since everything was very detailed in the article we wrote about Nazlet Khater's facial approximation.
    Article link: https://bit.ly/3Nthbtc
    Reply
  • OldWizard
    cogitas3d said:
    Yes, in that study we explain all the details. Thank you!

    I wrote an article where I detail my response to the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities of Egypt, which issued a careless note about our work, in a way that, unfortunately, spread inaccurate information about the methodology used, since everything was very detailed in the article we wrote about Nazlet Khater's facial approximation.
    Article link: https://bit.ly/3Nthbtc
    Thanks for the reply, and fantastic scholarship! It's a shame that politics has gotten to the point that incredibly well researched studies receive such careless criticisms on account of surface level gut reactions.
    Reply