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In a fiery display, Kilauea volcano, on Hawaii's Big Island, spewed a gigantic fountain of lava roughly 330 feet (100 meters) — the height of a small skyscraper, on Tuesday (Feb. 11), according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
The towering lava fountain is part of an ongoing eruption that started Dec. 23, 2024. The latest volcanic activity is part of the ninth episode of eruptive activity, which started when lava began flowing on the Halema'uma'u crater floor Tuesday morning, according to reports from the USGS. A livestream of the eruption can be viewed on the USGS YouTube channel.
Kilauea is the youngest and most active volcano on the Big Island, which is also home to three other active volcanoes: Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea and Hualalai. About a half hour after the eruption started on Tuesday, the tall fountain of lava spewed from the north vent of the summit's caldera and continued to flow into the crater. As the episode continued into the night, lava fountains became shorter, averaging heights of 160 to 200 feet (50 to 60 m).
Although tall, these lava fountains aren't Kilauea's tallest. Back in 1959, the volcano spewed an "awesome and terrifying" lava fountain 1,900 feet (580 m) above its vent, according to the USGS. But even Tuesday's eruption posed problems to USGS equipment.
"Tall fountain heights from this latest episode of the eruption pose a threat to the cameras, which can begin to warp and melt if the erupting lava fountains reach high enough to get close to them," the USGS reported.
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"Current hazards include volcanic gas emissions and windblown volcanic glass (Pele's Hair) that may impact Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park and nearby communities," USGS officials warned in a statement. Pele's hair, named for the Hawaiian goddess of fire and volcanoes, forms when gas bubbles at the lava's surface burst, causing the bubble to stretch out into a long and sharp thread of glass as it cools. These glass threads can then end up in drinking water on farms or in people's personal rainwater catchment systems.
The Halema'uma'u eruption at the summit of Kilauea began Tuesday (Feb. 11), the ninth episode of the volcanic activities since Dec. 23 last year.
(Image credit: USGS)
Additional hazards from the eruption include volcanic gas consisting of water vapor, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, which could form hazy volcanic smog, known as vog, in the atmosphere, according to the USGS.
The area surrounding the Halema'uma'u caldera rim has remained closed to the public since late 2007 due to the risk of wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls triggered by earthquakes, according to the USGS.
Visitors can witness the current eruption from various viewing points along Crater Rim Drive in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
"Although lava may be visible within the national park, conditions can change at any time," officials wrote on the National Park Service's website.
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Kristel is a science writer based in the U.S. with a doctorate in chemistry from the University of New South Wales, Australia. She holds a master's degree in science communication from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Her work has appeared in Drug Discovery News, Science, Eos and Mongabay,among other outlets. She received the 2022 Eric and Wendy Schmidt Awards for Excellence in Science Communications.
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