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This image shows the archaeological site at Jerusalem's Mount Zion. Researchers say they found the ruins of a mansion at the site that likely got buried under rubble and soil fill after the Roman siege of Jerusalem in 70 A.D.
During new excavations at Jerusalem's storied Mount Zion, archaeologists uncovered the remains of a possible mansion that's 2,000 years old. The dig leaders think the building and its contents could shed light on the wealthy class of Jerusalem during Jesus' day.
Artifacts and other clues suggest the mansion may have been the home of an elite Jewish family during the early Roman period, the researchers said. The building would have been located close to the expansive complex of Herod the Great, and inside, excavators found traces of an exceptional bathroom and the shells of sea snails that were valued for their rich purple dye.
"If this turns out to be the priestly residence of a wealthy first-century Jewish family, it immediately connects not just to the elite of Jerusalem — the aristocrats, the rich and famous of that day — but to Jesus himself," James Tabor, the dig's co-director, said in a statement. [Proof of Jesus Christ? 7 Pieces of Evidence Debated]
The archaeological finds could add to knowledge about this elite class that researchers have gleaned from the Bible, as well as the writings of Titus Flavius Josephus and later rabbinical texts.
At the Mount Zion mansion site, which dates to the first century A.D., researchers found a bath chamber with a bathtub connected to the structure's mikveh, or ritual pool.
(Image credit: Shimon Gibson)
"Jesus, in fact, criticizes the wealth of this class," added Tabor, who is a scholar of early Christian history at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. "He talks about their clothing and their long robes and their finery, and, in a sense, pokes fun at it. So for us to get closer to understanding that — to supplement the text — it could be really fascinating."
Inside the building, the researchers discovered a vaulted bath chamber next to an underground ritual cleansing pool called a mikveh — an arrangement that has been found elsewhere within elite complexes. Archaeologists previously uncovered a nearly identical mikveh-bathroom combination while digging up a palatial mansion in the nearby Jewish Quarter. That complex bore the inscription of a priestly Jewish family.
"It is only a stone's throw away, and I wouldn't hesitate to say that the people who made that bathroom probably were the same ones who made this one," archaeologist Shimon Gibson, the other co-director of the dig, said in a statement. "It's almost identical, not only in the way it's made, but also in the finishing touches, like the edge of the bath itself."
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Murex sea snails were harvested for their natural purple dye. Archaeologists found a large number of murex shells at the site, suggesting whoever lived in the building had connections to to the luxury dye trade.
(Image credit: James Tabor)
Another clue to the occupants' high status was a huge hoard of murex shells unearthed in the building. Murex sea snails were the source of an expensive and highly prized natural purple dye that could be extracted from the living animal's secretions.
Though the shells themselves were not used to make the royal purple dye, they may have been used to identify different grades of the stain, which could vary between sea snail species. Gibson speculates the priestly class may have supervised the industry that supplied the rich dye for ritual garments.
The artifacts were discovered this past summer, during a month-long dig, and the findings have yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The team expects to return to the site during the summers of 2014 and 2015. After their archaeological work is complete, the researchers hope the ruins will eventually be open to visitors.
Megan has been writing for Live Science and Space.com since 2012. Her interests range from archaeology to space exploration, and she has a bachelor's degree in English and art history from New York University. Megan spent two years as a reporter on the national desk at NewsCore. She has watched dinosaur auctions, witnessed rocket launches, licked ancient pottery sherds in Cyprus and flown in zero gravity. Follow her on Twitter and Google+.
