Health

How Your Nose is More Complex than a 747

By Robert Roy Britt, LiveScience Senior Writer

posted: 06 January 2005 01:13 pm ET

Your nose may not be as big as a jumbo jet, or maybe it is, but whatever, it is more complex in one sense.

A new study of how air flows through your schnoz reveals the process to be more complicated than air coursing over a jet's wing.

Click Images to Enlarge

Computer simulation of how particles flowed through the 3-D nose model. The simulation was generated by a supercomputer at the London e-Science center.

Dye flowing through the 3-D silicon model shows the instabilities in the airflow that develop partway through the nose when a stronger breath is taken. That causes the air stream to break up. The flow enters from right.

A face and nose with one nasal cavity highlighted.

Images: BBSRC

The scientists figured this out by running water laced with colored beads through a model honker. Not a model's nose, but a 3-D nose model, one twice as big as life-size. Anyway, these guys really nosed around.

"From quiet breathing to rapid sniffing, we want to know exactly what is happening," said Bob Schroter of the Imperial College London. The results clear some things up and could lead to new ways to clear up blocked nasal passages, the researchers say.

"The geometry of the nose is highly complex, with no straight lines or simple curves like an aircraft wing, and the regime of airflow is not simply laminar or turbulent," said professor Denis Doorly, assuming laminar and turbulent are simple. (Laminar means smooth, and turbulent is, well, anything but.)

The study revealed why we have to inhale deeply sometimes to capture a subtle scent, perhaps that of a flower.

Smelling relies on getting air to the olfactory bulb, which sits somewhat inconveniently at the top of the nose, though conveniently on the inside. The way the nose is built, you have to take in a sharp breath at high velocity to shoot faint smells up there. Something like a strong gust of wind instead of a gentle breeze. Then the nose takes over, the model showed: Its structure causes air to eddy around the bulb, lingering a bit so you can enjoy the scent, or not.

The model nose was built from transparent silicone, based on CT scans "of anonymous patients found to be nasally healthy." The research beats examining cadavers, the scientist said. The findings could help surgeons plan nose jobs and allow drug companies to figure out better ways to get drugs straight into your bloodstream.

The research was announced today and is detailed in the January issue of Business, a magazine put out by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.