When Escherichia coli bacteria sit down at the dinner table, they often feast on the DNA of their dead competitors, a new study reports.
The E. coli bacteria live in the guts of warm-blooded animals, where they aid digestion. Some strains produce toxins that can kill people, however. They become dangerous when picked up from contaminated food.
The bacteria are hardy creatures. And those that can manage to live a little longer than their peers not only end up having less competition for food, but also can eat their long lost friends.
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"The bacteria actually eat the DNA , and not only that, they can use the DNA as their sole source of nutrition," said Steven Finkel, assistant professor of molecular and computational biology at the University of Southern California.
It makes sense that DNA is a food source for some microbes, the researchers say.
"You're surrounded by living things, and living things die," Finkel said. "Where does all that stuff go? Why aren't we up to our ears in DNA, in ribosomes, in plant protein?"
The study found eight genes in E. coli that allow it to consume DNA without causing any genetic harm to the bacteria.
The same gene family is found in many other species, suggesting that the use of DNA as a nutrient may be a widespread phenomenon, the researchers reported. Understanding how these genes work can have applications in medicine and make advances toward genetic antibiotics.
For example, researchers could turn off the quality in pathogens of patients with cystic fibrosis that makes it capable of feeding on the DNA in the lung tissue, Finkel explained.
The study is detailed in June 1 issue of the Journal of Bacteriology.
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