Cock-A-Doodle-Doo! Roosters Really Do Know What Time It Is

Roosters crow in the mornings because their internal clock tells them to, new research suggests. CREDIT: Current Biology, Shimmura et al. View full size image

The rooster's morning cock-a-doodle-doo is driven by an internal clock, finds new research, suggesting the male chickens really know the time of day.

The study, detailed today (March 18) in the journal Current Biology, found that roosters put under constant light conditions will still crow at the crack of dawn.

Past studies have found that a myriad of animal behaviors are driven by an internal clock: at night, a dip in insulin causes humans to process food more slowly, and even blind cave fish use a circadian clock to tell time.

"'Cock-a-doodle-doo' symbolizes the break of dawn in many countries," said study author Takashi Yoshimura of Nagoya University, in a statement. "But it wasn't clear whether crowing is under the control of a biological clock or is simply a response to external stimuli."

Because stimuli throughout the day — such as car headlights — will set off a rooster's crow at any time, it was also possible that increasing light was the trigger for the cock's crows.

To find out Yoshimura and his colleagues put 40 roosters in a setting with constant light, then recorded when they crowed.

Sure enough, the chickens crowed at daybreak regardless of the light conditions. The roosters also crowed at other times of day and in response light and the crows of their fellow chickens, but those behaviors were much stronger at daybreak. The findings suggest that an internal circadian clock, rather than external conditions, drive the behavior.

As a follow-up, the team hopes to determine the genetic underpinnings of other animal sounds.

"We still do not know why a dog says 'bow-wow' and a cat says 'meow,'" Yoshimura said in a statement. "We are interested in the mechanism of this genetically controlled behavior and believe that chickens provide an excellent model."

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